Essay on A Reflection on the Meaning of Life from Three...

What is the most asked philosophical question? It seems to me that the answer is: what is the meaning of life? Everywhere in the world, one can find the evidence that finding a meaning in life is very important for people. Humanity appears to be preoccupied with this question since the very dawn of civilization. What do Socrates, Baruch De Spinoza and Simone De Beauvoir have in common? Yes, their names all have an ‘S’ in it. But there is something else: They are all individuals who have been trying to find the meaning of life. In this essay I will reflect on the meaning of life as presented by these three philosophers. Let me first explain why I have chosen this approach. The meaning of life has been an interest to me for a long†¦show more content†¦The ultimate goal for the human being is to break out of this circle. The only way to do so is by not having any desires anymore. The fact you actually desire to have no desires anymore makes this pursuit a very difficult one. In the Christian tradition, however, the general teaching is that human beings have only one life. That one life decides whether we will enter heaven or hell. Of course, many people today do not call themselves Christians anymore, but I still think that a great deal of our underlying premises about the meaning of life is still based on the religious doctrines. Of our three philosophers, I think Simone De Beauvoir is the only one of whom it can be said that she was part of the Christian cultural tradition. The remarkable thing about De Beauvoir is that she was a devout Catholic in her early childhood who intended to become a nun. However, at the age of 14 she changed her attitude radically and became an atheist for the rest of her life. I wonder whether this had anything to do with the fact that she witnessed the First World War as a child. Maybe she concluded that God could not be present in such evil, just like many Jews did after the Holocaust. Baruch De Spinoza lived in the Protestant Netherlands of the 17th century, but he came from the Jewish tradition himself. Like Beauvoir, Spinoza left the religious community he originated from. He was even expelled because his views were considered too radical.Show MoreRelatedTransformational Learning Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesquestions arise from these observations. First, what factors contribute to transformational learning? Second, what challenges arise for the instructor who teaches in transformational learning environments? Baumgartner (2001) and Taylor (as cited in Imel, 1998) give an overview of the theories, contributions of significant authors, and unresolved issues in transformational learning. The earliest writer on transformational learning (Mezirow, 1981) developed the concepts of â€Å"meaning perspectives†, onesRead MoreAnalysis : Mutters Schuhe By Nina Roder1679 Words   |  7 PagesMemories are a powerful force within people’s lives. 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Analysis of Leviathan by Thomas Hobbles Essays - 964 Words

In the Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes argues that an ideal state is one in which the government possess all the power in order to protect the people and provide security is the best. Thomas Hobbes believed that people were inherently evil. He claimed that people will do whatever they want to get whatever they want. He labels this as the state of nature. He claims that the natural state is the place we are in before we are actually influenced by society. He says that this place is total chaos because people only do what benefits them. He describes the natural state of man as one that is wild and chaotic without government. He asserts the idea that man needs and naturally wants order but not being able to do it on our own way is best. He goes on†¦show more content†¦It asserts the argument that people cannot control themselves so they must be controlled and that is far too bleak and does not give any true credibility to man. Hobbes claim that there must be an absolute monarch gives pardon to possible tyrants, communists societies and so much more. But more importantly, it discredits man and aids in the destruction of the individual. His idea of how the world should be run is structured well but not great. There are many ways the Leviathan can fall apart. The first reason why the Leviathan would not work is quite simple. For this assertion I must agree with Hobbes theory that man is naturally evil and selfish because that theory alone destroys his idea of the leviathan working. If the people are evil naturally and a member(s) of the people becomes head of the people, is he or she not evil too? Does it not give that evil person even more power and leverage to be evil? If the governance is smaller than the body but still comprised of members that are or were a part of the body, it is a flawed system because they too would be evil and selfish. Perhaps, giving a person who is selfish and evil by nature the power does not work. There has to be a checks and balance s ystem. Clearly, if we go along with Hobbes’ own account of human nature, there’s no possibility that having on sovereign in charge will lead to a fair and just society. In John Stuart Mill’s On

Case Study Analysis on Legal and Social Background

Question 1: Read the full judgments in the following cases: Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council [2003J UKHL 47 Keown v Coventry Health care NHS Trust [2006J All ER (D) 27 Using these judgments, present a critical analysis of tbe legaf and social background which has led to the current understanding of what ~will constitute a breach of the Occupier's Liability Act 1984. Answer 1: Critical analysis of Tomlinson v Congleton Borough Council [2003J UKHL-47: In the case stated above, Mr. Tomlinson had sued the Congleton Borough Council along with the Cheshire County Council due to the fact that they were the occupiers of the part and were therefore, held under the breach of the responsibilities and duties in accordance with the Occupiers Liability Acts of 1957 and 1984. It was quite difficult to suggest as to who was the occupier of the park from amongst the 2. Whereas Borough council is the one that owns the park, there is no denying in the fact that the park is also maintained by the Countryside Management Service of the County Council. The Borough council is the one that provides the funds to the Countryside Management Service so that they could look after the park and maintain the same. It is the country that employs the rangers that look after it. But both or one of the councils agreed that they were the occupiers. Till the time, it is necessary to distinguish between the county council and the borough council, it would be fair to say that they both of them must be regarded as the council. (Publications.parliament.uk, 2015) (Bailii.org, 2015) In the stated case, the House of Lords had held that the council was not liable. As per the section 1(1) a of the Occupiers Liability Act, 1984, there was no risk that had risen from the state of the premises, rather the risk that arose was from the own action of the claimant. He was the one who was in the full capacity and who had voluntarily and without any pressure or inducement had engaged in the activity of an inherent risk. But even if there existed a risk from the state of the premises, the risk was not the one that was gains the council that will reasonably be expected to offer some protection to the claimant under the section 1(3) c of the Act. When the House of Lords had reached this decision, they had looked at the position if he had not been a trespasser and had also applied the common duty of care under the Occupiers Liability Act, 1957. The lord believed that there could be nothing that could have been done to warn or take any sort of steps so as to prevent the claimant from diving since the dangers were the ones that were obvious. This was based upon the principle of free will. Further, it will hold to deny the social benefit to the majority of the users from using the park and the lakes in the safe and in the responsible manner. In such a situation, this will mean to open up the country to litigation. The lord further believed that such cases were prominent nationwide even when there were safety measures that were being installed. About 25 t 30 of such of the incidents take place each and every year despite of the safety measures being in place. (E-lawresources.co.uk, 2015) It was being said that the Appellant Committee of the House of Lords had used this judgment as the compensation for the brand Britains growing US style claim as an evil that interfered with the civil liberties and the freedom of will. (Edwardes, 2003) Critical analysis of Keown v Coventry Health care NHS Trust [2006J All E-27: As per section 1(1)a of the Occupiers Liability Act, 1984, trespasser, whether there is a danger to the state of the premises, whether there is a danger to the activity on the premises by the claimant and whether the occupier is liable for the breach duty to the trespasser. In the given case, the claimant was of the age of 12 years had fallen when he was climbing up the fire escape. It was held that the defendant was not liable under section 1(1)a of the Act due to the injuries that he had received. The fire escape was not in itself dangerous. The danger was due to the activity of the claimant on the premises and was not due to the state of the premises. (Lexisweb.co.uk, 2015) The claimant had dived into the lake and was badly injured. The council had argued that it was guilty nor it was liable for any claim since the claimant was the trespasser. It was held that the risk of injury arose not from the state of the premises of the defendant but from the things that were being done or omitted and the main reason for the injury arose from the misjudgement of the claimant since he undertook the decision of diving into the water that was too shallow. The Lord held this was the sole responsibility of the claimant and the defendant could not be held in respect of the same. The dangers that existed were sign posted and therefore, the Act was not applicable. The Act of 1984 that has the difference between the person who had gained an entry into the property lawfully but became the trespasser when he gained the entry illegally and the person who was a trespasser. The Act specifies that there must be no difference the 2 and so there must be no difference between the judgements as well. The lord had said that there was no need for any kind of voluntary assumption with regard to the risk so as to answer the following claim: It was quite are for an occupier of the land to be under the duty so as to prevent the people from taking the risks that were inherent under the activities that they undertook freely since it was due to their free will. In case, the people want to climb up the mountains and go for hand gliding or swim or dive in ponds or the lakes, then it is their decision. They may be sole responsible for their decisions. The person may even think that they are in grave danger or inconvenience for themselves. The person owning the property could also take a paternalistic view and prefer the people not to undertake the activities of risk on his land, he could impose restrictions but the law does not require him to do so. The lord had said that the most important question was the freedom at stake. He stated that it was very unjust to that the harmless recreation of responsible parents and children with buckets and spades on the beaches should be prohibited in order to comply with what is thought to be a legal duty to safeguard irresponsible visitors against dangers which are perfectly obvious. The fact that the people take no notice of the warnings must not create the duty of the other steps in order to protect them. It was very difficult to express the disagreement with the proposition of Sedley LJ wherein he stated that the risk was very obvious that the occupier had safely assumed that nobody will take the final responsibility. The duty to protect the assumed risks or the self-inflicted harm could exist in the cases where there was no genuine and informed choice as were in the case of the employees that work requires them to take the risk or lack some capacity, such as the inability of the children to recognise the danger as was stated in the case law: (Herrington v British Railways Board [1972] AC 877) or the despair of the prisoners that led them to inflict the injury on themselves: Reeves v Commissioner of the Police of the Metropolis [2000] 1 AC 360. (Swarb.co.uk, 2015) Question 2: With reference to decided casesexamine and evaluate' ttfe extent to which a duty of 'common humanity' should be owed to a trespasser and th~ circumstances in which this duty can be legitimately discharged under s.1(5) (6);Occupiers' Liability Act 1984. Answer 2: Sections 1(5) and 1) (6) of the Act: Section 1(5) of the Act, any duty that is owed by the virtue of the section could be discharged by taking the steps that are reasonable in the circumstances that give the warning of the danger concerned or to discourage the person from incurring the risk. Section 1(6) of the Act, any duty by the person in respect of the risks that are willingly accepted as being his or by that person. (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015) A trespasser is a person who come onto the property of another person without any permission and stays on the property even when the occupier asks him to leave. The occupiers in such cases owe the duty of care to the trespasser but they are also assumed to have the duties that are high as are with the other categories of the visitors. The usual guidelines are of the common humanity. There is always a question that varies with each case. It is very clear that the curator who is entrusted with the responsibility of protecting the blunderbuss is connected to the trip is exceeding the duty of the common humanity but there are examples that are sometimes difficult to judge. The common humanity is very variable but the courts believe in the fact that where children are involved, they must be protected. In the cases where the children are involved, the courts do not find it in their favour just because of their sentimentality. The mere fact that the warnings are for the adults lure the chil dren in. References: Bailii.org, 'Tomlinson V. Congleton Borough Council Ors [2003] UKHL 47 (31 July 2003)' (2015) https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/2003/47.html accessed 20 January 2015 Edwardes C, 'End This Compensation Nightmare, Say Judges - Telegraph' (Telegraph.co.uk, 2003) https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1437864/End-this-compensation-nightmare-say-judges.html accessed 20 January 2015 E-lawresources.co.uk, 'Tomlinson V Congleton Borough Council' (2015) https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/cases/Tomlinson-v-Congleton-Borough-Council.php accessed 20 January 2015 Legislation.gov.uk, 'Occupiers Liability Act 1984' (2015) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/3/section/1 accessed 20 January 2015 Lexisweb.co.uk, 'Keown V Coventry Healthcare NHS Trust | Lexisweb' (2015) https://lexisweb.co.uk/cases/2006/february/keown-v-coventry-healthcare-nhs-trust accessed 20 January 2015 Publications.parliament.uk, 'House Of Lords - Tomlinson (FC) (Original Respondent And Cross-Appellant) V. Congleton Borough Council And Others (Original Appellants And Cross-Respondents)' (2015) https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200203/ldjudgmt/jd030731/tomlin-1.htm accessed 20 January 2015 Swarb.co.uk, 'Tomlinson -V- Congleton Borough Council And Others; HL 31-Jul-2003 | Swarb.Co.Uk' (2015) https://swarb.co.uk/tomlinson-v-congleton-borough-council-and-others-hl-31-jul-2003/ accessed 20 January 2015 www.simpsons.com.au, 'The Duty Of Care To Public' (2015) https://www.simpsons.com.au/wp-content/uploads/duty-of-care-to-public.pdf accessed 20 January 2015.

Steinbeck and Babb

Overview Steinbeck and Babb played a great role in shaping the literature of America. Although the authors were not recognized significantly during the past, their ideologies are relevant to the modern society. Steinbeck was an activist who wrote many books about the struggle between people who are poor and the rich ones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Steinbeck and Babb specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, researchers and authors have questioned the originality of his work because they speculate that he copied Babb’s stories. On the others hand, Babb was a determined writer who faced harsh experiences during her childhood, education life and employment. She is recognized for collecting authentic books based on participatory observations. Situation in California While seeking to articulate the situation in California, Steinbeck wrote a famous book known as ‘Grapes of Wrath’. On the other hand, Babb focused on similar issues and wrote a book that was titled ‘Whose Names are Unknown’. In the two books, Steinbeck and Babb wrote about the plight of migrants in Oklahoma and California. They focused on the miserable conditions which dust bowl’s migrants experienced in Oklahoma and California. The authors described how the migrants pursued their rights from the relevant authorities. Steinbeck based his story on non-participatory observations where he visited migrants’ camps and interviewed the migrants. On the other hand, Babb was employed as an assistant manager of FSA where she observed how the migrants were treated in a direct way. This implies that she had firsthand information about the treatment of migrants. As a result, her book focused equally on the oppression of migrant workers. While evaluating the plight of migrant workers, the authors adopted different stances which portrayed similarities and differences. Similarity and Differences of Perspective Similarities The two authors suggested that migrant oppression was a barbaric act that portrayed recklessness. They condemned this oppression for propagating inhumanity. Babb stated that the California’s labor system exploited the workers heartlessly. Furthermore, she contended that the system in California was abusive and desperate. Also, she suggested that oppression of migrants was a show of human greed where the crop owners never cared about the welfare of the colleagues. Lastly, she stated that the oppression was a source of unending pain. On the other hand, Steinbeck argued that the system forced the migrants to live in miserable conditions.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, it was evident that author was very outraged by the treatment of migrants. This was portrayed when he stated that the migrants who worked for cash crop growers were tre ated in a discriminatory and brutal manner. He revealed that the cash crop growers blamed the migrants for laziness without any justification. Finally, he stated that the authorities could have treated the migrants properly by providing them with the basic needs. Difference in Perspective The differences between Steinbeck and Babb emerged during evaluation of the dispossession that happened in 1930. Steinbeck articulated the issues in a figurative manner by describing the Okies as people who had a lot of essence. On the other hand, Babb portrayed a humanistic perspective by arguing that the world should be defined by human relationships. She suggested that the migrants were neighbors who shared the same destiny with all human beings. Therefore, she argued that the migrants should not have been treated wrongly. Instead, they should have been treated humanely regardless of their origin or financial status. This essay on Steinbeck and Babb was written and submitted by user Ray Wolfe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Philosophy of Life essays

Philosophy of Life essays If we all want and need friends why cant we get along with people who are willing to be our friends? Why do people complain about the communities they live in, yet refuse to do nothing about it themselves? Why do people say they hate someone even when they don't know the person they are going against? When will humans recognize that beauty isn't found in a magazine it's what's found deep inside your heart and that what's inside is what makes that person who they are? What causes people to take life for granted, and act like they have nothing when they actually have everything and don't realize it. All of these questions and more are points in everyone's life that we all have to deal with. Life is always looking for the light at the end of every dark and treacherous tunnel and never looking behind you because you think the path is getting to rough. To live is to learn we need to take one of life's endless lessons from our laborious journeys of the past and the present and use them towards those coming up in the future. Even though choosing the bumpy road isn't always the most secure way it usually has wonderful things waiting at the end. Love is one of life's most complicated things to understand and the hardest thing to realize once you have it. Love is knowing you have someone at the end of the tunnel waiting for you that will care for you and tell you that you made and then prepare you your next trek. Love is the warm feeling you get inside every time that special someone walks past you and you make direct eye contact. It is the cause for that uncomfortable silence that always makes you wish someone else would come into the room. Nature is one of the things that all people need to consider in their lives. Without it none of us would have shelter, food, of even water. We need to work to preserve our natural areas as they are to keep our world and us healthy and in good order. Humans need to respect the things they use an ...

Family Tree of Harry Potter Author, JK Rowling

Family Tree of Harry Potter Author, JK Rowling Joanne (J.K.) Rowling was born in Chipping Sodbury near Bristol, England, on 31 July 1965. This is also the birthday of her famous wizard character Harry Potter. She attended school in Gloucestershire until the age of 9 when her family moved to Chepstow, South Wales. From an early age, J.K. Rowling aspired to be a writer. She studied at the University of Exeter before moving to London to work for Amnesty International. While in London, J.K. Rowling began her first novel. Her long road to the publication of the first Harry Potter book, however, was shadowed by the loss of her mother in 1990 and over a year of rejections by various agents and publishers. J. K. Rowling has since written seven books in the Harry Potter series and was named the greatest living British writer by The Book Magazine in June 2006 and Person of the Year in 2007. Her books have sold hundreds of millions of copies around the world. J.K. Rowling Joanne (J.K.) Rowling was born on 31 July 1965 in Yate, Gloucestershire, England. She first married television journalist Jorge Arantes in Portugal on 16 October 1992. The couple had one child, Jessica Rowling Arantes, born in 1993 and the couple divorced a few months later. J.K. Rowling later married again, to Dr. Neil Murray (b. 30 June 1971) on 26 December 2001 in their home in Perthshire, Scotland. The couple has had two children: David Gordon Rowling Murray, born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 23 March 2003 and Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray, born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 23 January 2005. J.K. Rowling's Parents Peter John Rowling was born in 1945. Anne Volant was born on 6 Feb 1945 in Luton, Bedfordshire, England. She died from complications of multiple sclerosis on 30 Dec 1990. Peter James Rowling married Anne Volant on 14 Mar 1965 in All Saints Parish Church, London, England. The couple had the following children: Joanne (J.K.) Rowling.Dianne (Di) Rowling, who was born on 28 Jun 1967 in Yate, Gloucestershire, England. Rowling's Grandparents Ernest Arthur Rowling was born on 9 July 1916 in Walthamstow, Essex, England and died about 1980 in Newport, Wales. Kathleen Ada Bulgen was born on 12 January 1923 in Enfield, Middlesex, England and died on 1 Mar 1972. Ernest Rowling and Kathleen Ada Bulgen were married on 25 Dec 1943 in Enfield, Middlesex, England. The couple had the following children: Jeffrey Ernest Rowling, born on 2 Oct 1943 in Enfield, Middlesex, England and died of bladder cancer on 20 Jul 1998 in Juno Beach, Palm Becah County, Florida.Peter John Rowling. Stanley George Volant was born on 23 June 1909 in St. Marylebone, London, England. Louisa Caroline Watts (Freda) Smith was born on 6 May 1916 in Islington, Middlesex, England. According to a 2005 article Plot twist shows Rowling is true Scot in the London Times, based on research by genealogist Anthony Adolph, Louisa Caroline Watts Smith is thought to have been the daughter of Dr. Dugald Campbell, who is said to have had an affair with a young bookkeeper named Mary Smith. According to the article, Mary Smith disappeared soon after giving birth, and the girl was raised by the Watts family who owned the nursing home where the girl was born. She was called Freda and told only that her father was a Dr. Campbell. The birth certificate for Louisa Caroline Watts Smith lists no father and identifies the mother only as Mary Smith, bookkeeper of 42 Belleville Rd. The birth took place at 6 Fairmead Road, which is confirmed in the London Directory of 1915 to be the residence of Mrs. Louisa Watts, midwife. Mrs. Louisa C. Watts later appears as a witness to Fredas marriage to Stanley Volant in 1938. Louisa Caroline Watts (Freda) Smith died about April 1997 in Hendon, Middlesex, England. Stanley George Volant and Louisa Caroline Watts (Freda) Smith were married on 12 March 1938 in All Saints Church, London, England. The couple had the following children: Anne Volant.Marian Volant.

Describe types of feedback and determine the effects of circuit Lab Report

Describe types of feedback and determine the effects of circuit performance when feedback is applied,Describe the circuit conditions and the methods used to achieve sinusoidal oscillation - Lab Report Example The two types of amplifier are the positive and the negative feedback. The two differ in terms of whether the signal is described as being in phase or out of phase with the input signal. The two types of feedback can also be referred to as regenerative or direct feedbacks. Regenerative feedback or negative feedback occurs whenever a signal is said to be 180 degrees out of phase to the input signal (Musrt 89). A widely cited, negative feedback is appropriate since it helps in creating a practical circuit given that it can create rates and gains. It can also be used in making circuits stable, as well as self-creating and it has an output that can characteristically create equilibrium condition. In an op-amp, a negative feedback is used for purposes of creating a corrective mechanism (Musrt 67). Moreover, it limits the amplifier’s input signal hence improving the fidelity of an amplifier. By and large, it increases the frequency response of any given amplifier through preventing the decreasing in the gain of an amplifier. During the application of an amplifier, the feedback signal reduces with the increasing input signal (Musrt 76). On the other hand, in the positive feedback, the voltage or current feedback is often applied for purposes of increasing the input voltage (Musrt 47). When a positive feedback is applied in an inverting signal circuit, a portion of an output signal is fed back to the input. It is worth noting lacking a positive feedback in any circuit causes a slowdown in the detectors of the open loop. Positive feedback can lead to an increase in the amplifier gain. More often than not, feedback is used in electronic circuits for various reasons. First, circuit characteristics can be controlled and made independent of wide variations in most of the active device parameters (Musrt 34). Second, using feedback, it is possible to make circuit characteristics relatively independent of

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift - Article Example Jonathan Swift begins with the vivid imagery of the plight of poor children and is able to evoke sympathy.  An important aspect is that this is so sincerely done that the most skeptical person would want to read on. Then he moves with calculated precision and creates a logical assessment of the condition of the poor. He also professes to have â€Å"maturely weighed† his calculations and proposal giving confidence to the reader to reach further down the narrative. Swift then smoothly places a dramatic twist by immediately following his preamble with the first shocking suggestion of â€Å"eating† all the penniless children in this manner: â€Å"a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled, and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.†. After this point, Swift begins to target the moneyed class of that period. He not only enrages the reader by the cold irony of his suggestions but also forces him to think by using startling imagery and saddening but stark realities of life. In a formal and methodical manner, he gives solutions to visible problems of poverty by calculating the worth of children’s flesh offered as food to â€Å"persons of quality and fortune† and other rich members of the society of that time. With striking prose filled with sarcasm, he challenges human emotions by recommending â€Å"buying the children alive and dressing them hot from the knife† as is done in roasting piglets. The subject of his criticism, the moneyed class, is woven in with a detached and mathematical precision by drawing parallel examples of their lavish spending and the worth of the poor considered as meat. In his cynicism, Swift does not spare any member of the society of that time that has contributed to or closed eyes from the causes and reasons of poverty. These include the pseudo-patriots, the clergy as well as royalty.

Factors of Planning and Other Functions of Management Essay Example for Free

Factors of Planning and Other Functions of Management Essay With over 300,000 people world wide, ATT is truly a global Fortune 500 company with a significant presence in the communication industry. With impressive growth, executives and managers need to develop a strategy that allows ATT to connect with their customers and manage the contributing factors to their success. As stated in the ATT Annual Report (2007), ATT was able to increase their annual income by 98.3%. This amazing growth occurred in all sectors of their revenue stream and made 2007 a historic year financially for ATT. ATT Chairman, CEO and President, Mr. Randall Stephenson also states in the annual report (2007, p. 8) there is one word that best describes what ATT does and it is connected. A simple vision that clearly describes what ATT does for their customers to drive growth in their organization. In order for a company to succeed in todays market, the product appeal to a global audience is imperative. Although ATT did not begin as a business that offered products and services globally, ATTs network now includes 38 internet data centers on four continents across the globe (ATT, 2008). ATT offers a variety of communication products and services that appeal to individuals and companies. The demand for these types of products and services is on the rise, especially within major corporations. Given this demand, ATT has developed and maintained an advanced and powerful communications network. ATT is an industry leader of communication services, which serves millions of individuals and businesses on six continents (ATT, 2008). The economy is an external factor that influences how ATT manages rapid change. For example, with home foreclosures at a record high, the demand for landline telephone service is decreasing. Meanwhile the demand for wireless service is increasing. ATT continues to focus on advancing wireless products (ATT, Vonage, 2008). ATT has acquired many smaller wireless providers, which allows them to become the top provider of wireless services in the United States. Cingular wireless is one of the wireless companies that ATT bought out. After the purchase of Cingular wireless, ATT began, promoting the new ATT, the one-stop shop for all kinds of communications  and entertainment services (Goodbye Cingular, 2007). As early as 1885, ATT began providing telephone service in the United States. To see the vast growth in their technology over the past 100 years is amazing. The service initially started with one-line calls or the ability for only one person to make a telephone call at a time and it now services over 70 million customers. The costs have decreased significantly over the decades as well. In 1892, a long distance phone call from New York to Chicago would cost about $9 for the first five minutes; rather expensive for that period in time. Today, ATT has grown to be the worlds largest communications carrier and provides services for a broad spectrum of customers from residential to commercial, like the Fortune 1000 companies. Other than the typical local and long distance voice services for the residential customer, ATT also provides high speed internet access, home networking, Wi-Fi, and wireless voice and data services. According to ATTs website (2008), they provide businesses with access to one of the worlds most advanced IP networks. ATT provides the corporate community with technologies, such as, Voice over IP (VoIP), enterprise mobility solutions and Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections. To keep up with todays vastly growing field of technology, ATT (2008) †¦recently switched on the nations first coast-to-coast IP/MPLS network†¦ In the United States alone, ATTs wired network encompasses 61.6 million access lines and has 14.2 million high speed internet subscribers. In 2008, ATT plans to expand their current 64,000 Wi-Fi hot spots to more than 70,000 locations also launch more of their multi-screen services. ATT embraces technological innovation to convert ideas rapidly into useful products and services. ATTs management and planning functions focus on the company and its customers while applying principles of sound, responsible and forward-looking stewardship to the needs of society. Today, ATT is rethinking management functions and planning in terms of the Internet and new culture and capabilities. E-business (electronic business), derived from  such terms as e-mail and e-commerce, is the conduct of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners. E-business allows ATT and other companies to use the Web to buy parts and supplies from other companies, to collaborate on sales promotions, and to participate in joint research. ATTs involvement with technology innovation such as e-business influences a range of criteria, including customer relationship performance, sales-based outcomes, and a general measure of organizational performance. The moderating role of ATTs management teams involvement suggests that management championing the initiatives is crucial for successful results of the e-business market tendencies and new business development possibilities (ATT, 2008). Alexander Graham Bell made the first telephone call to Watson about 150 years ago. One century ago, there were 10,000 telephone companies battling for their share in the voice communication market. ATT battling in the communications market, realized in order to continue innovation, a sustained research and development component was needed. Early in 1925, ATT determined they could not do this alone and made a series of strategic acquisitions and uniform standards. In the late 20th century, ATT acquired Bell Labs that focused on computers, information and communications science. According to ATT (2008), Recognized as a pioneer in the IT revolution of the late 1990s, direction of innovation at ATT Labs influences not only the ways we live and work today but our lives and the workplace of the future. With these guiding principles, our work in development, creativity and innovation lead to improved social, economic and environmental opportunities for ATT communities. ( ¶13)ATT has made significant innovative contributions to the history of American business and global technology. Listed are a few of these accomplishments including:High-fidelity recording (1925), First TV transmission (1927), Trans-Atlantic radiotelephone (1929), Radio astronomy (1933), The transistor (1937), The first computer (1939), The laser (1960), Optical fiber communication (1977), Cellular technology (1983), Speech recognition and synthesis (1992), Voice over IP technology (1995), Quantum computing (1999), Internet Project predictive and proactive  network security (2005) (ATT, 2008) . ATT noted on their website (2008), Despite its pioneering efforts in other areas of the company, including diversity, customer service and human resources, ATTs reputation for innovation remains closely tethered to ATT Labs.( ¶ 4)ATT realizes that diverse, talented and dedicated people is key to the companys success. In fostering diversity and inclusion, ATT has created a better business environment, one that makes the company an employer of choice, a preferred business partner and important contributor to the community. The companys philosophy is to provide employees with continued opportunities to grow and develop their careers. Management is charged with successful implementation of various diversity initiatives as part of this philosophy. ATT leaders are expected to understand the importance of cultural competency. To support this principle, ATT provides career development initiatives. ATTs commitment to diversity remains a top priority for the company. ATTs diverse workforce is an asset to the company and a result of its commitment to recruit and hire the very best talent. ATT currently conducts business in more than 150 languages and advertises in top languages in selected states. ATT leaders and employees practice respect for differences in their daily interactions. By understanding the various regions served, ATT management is better positioned to plan for and meet the unique needs of customers wherever it does business (ATT, 2008). With over 300,000 working for ATT ensuring ethical behavior is very important. Ethics and Governance are the standards in which the company, including all employees, must adhere to in all aspects of conducting business internally and externally. ATT has adopted a simple statement Do what is right as their motto for ethical conduct by all employees and directors. (Governance, 2003-2008)ATT has four guiding principles stated in their Code of Ethics and Guiding Principles manual on how to treat customers, investors and employees. Those principles are; Talk straight and Follow Through, Lead by Example, Work Together, and Deliver our Future. These four statements are the fabric to ATTs principles and make it clear as to what is expected when working for or dealing with ATT. In todays  environment, ethics have become a serious issue. Directors and managers, as well as employees, are becoming more liable with respect to moral decisions they make at work. Enron is an example of how deceit by a few individuals caused such a ripple effect on the finances of many. Companies like ATT need to touch the moral being of each employee to ensure its customers, shareholders and all parties vested in them are not affected by ones poor judgment. In concluding, with this impressive growth, executives and managers needed to develop a strategy that allowed ATT to connect with their customers and manage the contributing factors to their success. Through innovation and diversity, ATT has grown from a company that started with one-line calling to a multi-million conglomerate, servicing millions of customers around the globe. In keeping up with technology and continuing to implement new corporate strategies, ATT will continue to grow both financially and globally. ATT will continue to be a leader in their field for many years to come. References ATT Inc., (2008), All about ATT Company, Retrieved April 8, 2008, from att.comATT Inc. (2007) Annual Report, p. 8, 29. ATT, Inc. (2008), retrieved April 8, 2008, from att.com/gen/investor-relationsATT. (2008). Enterprise Services. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from att.com/gen/general/ATT Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility (2003-2008). ATT Knowledge Venture, Retrieved April 10, 2008, from att.com/corporate/citizenship/htmlATT, Vonage, Comcast spool the economy. (2008, January). TelecomWeb News Break. Retrieved April 6, 2008, ProQuest database, University Library. Goodbye Cingular, hello again ATT; ATTs acquisition of Bell South began process. (2007, May 21). The New York Times, Grand Rapids Press, Grand Rapids, MI, Retrieved April 9, 2008, from ProQuest database, University Library,

The signifigance of Fishing in The Sun Also Rises :: essays research papers fc

Escaping the Wasteland   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fishing trip within Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises provides a pilgrimage of rejuvenation to the novel’s participating characters, Jake Barnes and Bill Gorton. Escaping the wasteland that is Paris, the two men â€Å"shove off,† (Hemingway, VIII), to Burguete, Spain, where they fish for trout on the Irati River.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Jake was left impotent from an injury incurred while serving with the Italian Front in World War 1. His inability to consummate his love for the insatiable Brett Ashley, and the sterile social backdrop of Paris provide a striking similarity to the Arthurian Fisher King motif of a man generatively impaired, and his kingdom thusly sterile. Bill Gorton, an amicable ally of Jake, and one of the few morally sound characters in the novel, serves as Galahad, gently kidding Jake about his injury, promoting self-acceptance and healing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hemingway often depicts nature as a pastoral paradise within the novel, and the fishing trip serves as his epitome of such, entirely free from the corruptions of city life and women. Doing away with modern modes of transportation, they walk many miles gladly to reach the Irati River. While fishing, Jake and Bill are able to communicate freely with each other, unbound by the social confines of American and European society. The men also enjoy the camaraderie of English Veteran, Harris. This is quite different from the competitive relationships that can develop between men in the presence of women. Bill is able to express his fondness for Jake openly without it â€Å"mean[ing] [he] was a faggot,† (VIII), and Jake has no qualms over his fish being smaller than Bill’s, in what could be interpreted as an admission of lesser sexual virility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fresh air of Burguete provides clarity of mind beyond the scope of the Parisian lifestyle and it is evident within Hemingway’s prose and style. Jake’s diligence and dedication to each of the steps involved in fishing are indicative of his separation from his life and the woes that constitute it. Throughout the novel, Jake has a shrewd, practical outlook on life that is omitted here. His focus and attentiveness reveal the sensitive, reflective man that Jake is, free of inhibition. His thoughts undulating like gentle waves, Jake uses worms for bait as opposed to a fly, so he can peacefully drop his line and contemplate life instead of concentrating on the constant casting and jerking inherent to fly fishing.

Pathophysiology of admitting diagnosis

Syncope (fainting) is a loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain. There are several types of syncope, such as vasovagal syncope, carotid sinus syncope, and situational syncope. Vasovagal syncope is triggered by emotional stress, pain, the sight of blood, trauma or prolonged standing. Carotid sinus syncope occurs when there is constriction of the carotid artery. Situational syncope happens during urination, defecation, coughing, or gastrointestinal stimulation. Textbook signs and symptoms include dizziness, lightheaded, nauseous, cold, and clammy. Syncope can also be a symptom of heart disease, abnormalities, and neurological disorders. Complications that occur due to syncope include: reduced level of consciousness and falls. If an older adult falls, complications such as, broken hips or limbs may result. Precaution should be taken for a person with syncope to decrease the risk of injury to the individual. Assessment priorities include: monitoring vital signs, fluid and electrolyte balance, and blood work. Nursing Diagnosis/ Interventions: Risk for Falls * Complete a fall-risk assessment for older adults in acute care. Recognize that risk factors for falling include recent history of falls, confusion, depression, altered elimination patterns, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, hypotension, dizziness, and altered mobility. * Assess the client for the ability to supine to sit, sit supported and unsupported, standing, walking and turning around, and transferring. * Assess lab results and signs and symptoms of infection, dehydration and hypotension. If the client has hypertension, anti-hypertensives may be the result. * Encourage the client to wear glasses and use walking aids when ambulating. * Make sure the client has a fall risk hand band on while under care in the hospital facility. * Teach the client the importance of using her prosthetic limb. * Refer her to physical therapy for the correct usage of her prosthetic limb. * Teach the client the importance of living in a home free of clutter such as slippery floors, scattered rugs, unleveled stairs or furniture.

B2B and B2C

In these harsh economic period, dealing with the ethical, legal, and regulatory concerns associated with B2B and B2C websites and the free flow of information is a main issue for both kinds of e-businesses. For both of these websites, there are security issues, site policies, applicable law, disclaimers of warranties and limitations, and conditions of use.In any type of business, whether it is traditional or e-business, ethics creates specific judgments regarding what is right or wrong, meaning, it makes assertions concerning what ought to be made or what ought not to be made. As all of us know, ethics is universal and is applied to anything that has relationships and interactions with individuals. Ethics is needed to steer business from harming and damaging the general public.   Moreover, ethics is likewise tied with legalities to help protect and secure its codes and principles. Consequently, ethics and legality works together to produce a peaceful environment in doing and transa cting businessAs compared with B2C’s websites, the audience and clients of B2B’s websites are not individual people since these individuals are members of a company. When conducting business you need to be aware who has authority, for example, for signing an NDA or placing an order on behalf of a company. Because the relationship is more extensive, every time you exchange information.Lately, concerns such as identity theft are rising for the reason that websites are not secured enough. Information and data has to be cautiously tracked and identified as confidential or general business or confidential when needed. Regarding ethics, the correct behavior of participants are characteristically described in regulatory codes formulated and implemented by commercial standard groups, trade associations, and the professions.Legal and ethical issues in B2b and B2c websites are very much alike, even though victims in B2B have more advantage when settling legal concerns given that procedures are extremely black and white. It is a fact that ethics is founded on universal values that do not alter if you are transacting business with an individual or with a company. The lone difference is that a B2B website has special rules and regulations if it concerns kids younger than 13 years of age. Moreover, due to the fact that B2B depends on the sharing of mutual information, ethics is very important. Not like consumers keeping business in B2C, in B2B, a victim does not have a great deal to do, just to ask for a third party’s assistance to solve their problems with B2c websites. Moreover, in B2B, it is easy to identify what took place and who is responsible and accountable for what happened in a B2B website.It is exceedingly significant from a legal B2B and B2C perspective to ensure that the written words and what is depicted regarding a company are factual.   Another important legal issue concerns intellectual property rights. Since concerns come up regardin g marketing ethics and the significance of understanding a business for Internet, there are probable areas and opportunities for disclosing trade secrets or intellectual property if appropriate B2B and B2C ethical behavior is not complied with.Meanwhile, in terms of legal and regulatory issues, B2B and B2C websites should see to it that they do not violate and commit copyright infringement, identity theft, identity fraud, and they do not patronize and tolerate consumer survey scams and hoaxes and advertising and keyword scams.Lastly, with the prevalence of PDA communication devices and new wireless web mail from cell phones, the Internet will be definitely touching and affecting more lives than ever before. Hence, privacy and security issues together with e-business ethical, legal and regulatory issues will become more widespread since it will become increasingly difficult to fathom who you can trust online; with all the illegal and unethical online e-business email scams, and Inter net marketing advertising frauds. #ReferencesFerrell, O.   â€Å"Introduction to Business Ethics Issues.†Ã‚   E-Ethics Center, Colorado State University, College of Business.Harris, L. and L. Spence.   â€Å"The Ethics of eBanking.†Ã‚   Journal of Electronic Commerce Research Vol. 3 #2, 2002.Warholic, J.   â€Å"Importance of Ethics on the Internet.†Ã‚   Professional web Services, Inc.

Oppression essays

Oppression essays Evil, sinful, lover of Satan and weak are just a few adjectives to describe women through history. Nevertheless, women were not always portrayed as so. Women once held a strong and dominated figure within the society. In the ancient Egyptian society, women were equal to men in status and prestige. Within the XVIIIth Dynasty, women such as Nephertiti and Hatchipsoot reign the country. In that period, Pharaonic women laboured in textile and carpet manufactory, traded in markets and shared in hunting side by side with her husband (El Saadawi. 1980, P. 108-1). Furthermore, women played sports, drank, held positions of government, worked, etc. However, as time past and countries began to flourish, there was a shift in the socio-economic status in women. Women began reducing in standing. What happened? Nawal El Saadawi, author of The Hidden Face of Eve, strongly believes that circumcision is the cause of womens oppression and feeling of powerlessness. However, many within t he society believe that conditioned oppression is supported due to religion, landowership and the patriarchal system and they are utilized as in instrument of fear, oppression and exploitation. Circumcision is still practiced in many Arab countries because a womans virginity and hymen is extremely important. Behind circumcision lies the belief that, by removing parts of girls external genital organs, sexual desire is minimized (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 33). This procedure is not performed by a doctor but someone similar to a midwife. It is believe that deep incisions must be done in order to remove all the remains of the genital. Consequently, this may result in infection and even death. Furthermore, sexual frigidity is one of the after-effects which is accentuated by other social and psychological factors that influence the personality and mental make-up of females in Arab societies (El Saada...

How to Apologize and Say Im Sorry In German

How to Apologize and Say I'm Sorry In German You are likely to make either cultural mistakes or miscommunicate your intentions as a student of the German language, especially if you are traveling through German-speaking countries. Therefore, on your long list of vocabulary essentials to master when studying the language, be sure to include German expressions of forgiveness and excusing yourself. When deciding what expression to use after youve made a mistake or misstated something, err on the side of excusing yourself too much rather than not enough. Just hope you don’t have to use the following expressions too often- but if you do, learn which expression or phrase is correct. Excusing Yourself When you need to say excuse me, the German language provides several ways to make the request. In the examples in this and the subsequent sections, the German expression is listed on the left, with the English translation on the right, followed by a brief explanation of the social context where needed. Entschuldigung Excuse me. (such as when you want to pass by)Entschuldigen Sie bitte/ Entschuldige (casual)   Excuse meEntschuldigen Sie bitte meine Fehler.   Excuse my mistakes.Entschuldigen Sie/ Entschuldige, dass... Excuse me that / Sorry that...Entschuldigen Sie bitte, dass ich Sie stà ¶re.   Excuse me for disturbing you.Entschuldige bitte, dass ich es vergessen habe.   Sorry for forgetting. Saying Sorry for a Mishap There are two ways to say that you are sorry for a small mishap or mistake, as shown in this example: Entschuldigung / Ich bitte Sie / dich um Entschuldigung   Sorry / Please excuse me. To Ask for Forgiveness There are also several ways to ask for forgiveness in German: Jemanden um Verzeihung bitten   To ask somebody for forgivenessIch bitte Sie / dich um Verzeihung.   I ask you for forgiveness.Kà ¶nnen / Kannst Sie / du mir diese Dummheiten verzeihen? Can you forgive my foolishness?Das habe ich nicht so gemeint.   I didn’t mean it that way.Das war doch nicht so gemeint.   It wasn’t meant in that way.Das war nicht mein Ernst I wasn’t serious. Note how the last three examples do not even include the word forgive or excuse. Instead, you are essentially asking for forgiveness by making a statement indicating that you were not serious or that the intended meaning of your action or statement was misunderstood. To Regret Something German offers some colorful ways to say that you regret taking a certain action or making a particular statement. Etwas bedauern   regret somethingIch bedauere sehr, dass ich sie nicht eingeladen habe I regret not having invited her.Es tut mir Leid I am sorry.Es tut mir Leid, dass ich ihr nichts geschenkt habe I regret not having given her a present.Leider habe ich keine Zeit dafà ¼r. Unfortunately, I do not have any time for that.Es ist schade, dass er nicht hier ist. It’s too bad that he is not here.Schade! Too bad! (or Pity!) Note how in the last example, using a phrase like Too bad! in English would be considered a social faux pas as if you were saying Tough luck! in a pejorative manner. But, the phrase in German does, indeed, indicate that you are being contrite and asking for forgiveness for your transgression, whatever it may be.

You choose the topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

You choose the topic - Research Paper Example Rare earth elements are not rare as suggested by the name but are abundant in the earth’s crust even more than some metals (see table 1). However, they are dispersed and their concentration on the earth’s crust is very low and therefore they cannot be easily exploited. In addition, each rare earth deposit is unique and contains different ore bodies which contains several rare earth elements in varying proportions. Rare earth elements do not occur naturally in elemental state as most metallic elements but are found in a large number of minerals types including halides, oxides, carbonate, phosphate and silicate (Eriksson and Olsson 5). In this project we want to address beneficiation as one of the aspects of chemical process of obtaining rare earths form the naturally occurring ores. Beneficiation is the second step of mining after the ore is removed from the ground. Beneficiation process is divided into two steps i.e. physical beneficiation and chemical beneficiation. Chemical beneficiation is applied after the physical beneficiation. Depending on the composition of the ore, different chemical techniques can be applied to separate the rare earth elements from other minerals contained in the ore. There are various types of ore bodies which include; monazite, euxenite, gadolinite, xenotime, bastnasite, and Elliot lake uranium (Gupta and Krishnamurthy149). Different ore bodies have different compositions and hence different chemical beneficiation processes. There are two different chemical beneficiation ways of obtaining rare earth elements from monazite ore. This difference comes from the fact that either sulphuric acid or hydroxide can be used to first attack the ore (Gupta and Krishnamurthy 149). Acid treatment. In this treatment (see fig.1), concentrated sulphuric acid is used to heat the monazite sand up to a temperature of between 120 and 150Â °C ( Bongaerts 67). Both thorium and

Effective Talent Management Processes And Management Development Essay

Effective Talent Management Processes And Management Development Programme - Essay Example Talent intelligence refers to the insight that a company needs to capitalize on its most key asset – its employees – by capturing meaningful information on people within the organization and outside (within competitors) for appropriate action towards driving the business of the organization forward (Lawler III & Ulrich, 2008). Talent management (and development), on the other hand, refers to a body of theories (including models and empirical studies) that offer managerial insights on how to identify such talent systematically and provides mechanisms on how to nurture and utilize the talent so acquired towards fulfilling the organizational objectives (Berger & Berger, 2010). In practice, talent management requires every individual organization to design, develop, and implement its own unique and adaptive talent management strategy in line with the organization’s objectives, operations, culture and environmental influencers (Berger & Berger, 2010). Talent managemen t has become a core human resource function. Trends and Emergent Issues in Global Management Globalization has led to a radical paradigm shift in how organizations conduct their business. Similarly, managerial focus has now broadened from a restricted focus on how the organization can achieve profitability and survive within the domestic and regional market. It now includes the emergent issues in global business today and the way they affect the organization’s profitability, as well as the way an organization impacts both its internal members and the communities where it is situated. The emergence of Brazil, India, China, and Russia as economic giants has led to increased focus of industries and top quality human resource skills on these markets due to the shortage of managerial talent elsewhere. The number of excellent leaders and managers has not increase (at least not at par) while the level of companies and industries seeking these crucial human resources has (Goldsmith & Carter, 2009). Talent management has increasingly grown from the need to find individuals whose competencies ‘fit’ within the organizational agenda in times of growth and expansion. It is clear from the recent, historical effects that the globalization of former national markets has not only brought opportunities forth for economies of scale and, therefore, more profits, but also created an integrated system that channels a ripple effect, in case of a collapse of one segment of its market, onto the rest of the global system (Carnall, 2007). Global recessions like the one experienced in 2008 had the effect of cutting down jobs globally. A focus of managers now shifts to identification and development of individuals with the ability to lead during such lean times, talents which can consolidate, engage, and sustain a proactive yet consistent approach to operational business cycles. Finally, global business means that multinationals need to obtain employees with different skills and competencies, which blend together to provide synergistic benefits for the organization (Schiemann & Meisinger, 2009). The differentiation amongst individuals in terms of behaviors, culture, attitudes, and interests means that a delicate and deliberate effort is required in obtaining a harmonious fusion of all these elements (the list is by no means conclusive) that is self-sustaining and provides an environment suitable for creativity, innovation, and employee growth. Present managers have exposed a high

Rhetorical analysis over an inconvenient truth Research Paper

Rhetorical analysis over an inconvenient truth - Research Paper Example This increasing trend is the reason the earth is warming and its climate changing. Greenhouse gasses are predominantly man-made. (Lean, Pearce, 2006). People are the cause but their collective acknowledgement of the global warming problem has been slow. Because of this apathy, if the population of the planet were to immediately discontinue polluting the air with carbon dioxide emissions, climate changes would still continue long into the future. Humans are creating a planet that will experience major climactic changes in the near future, a shameful circumstance. The film by Al Gore An Inconvenient Truth is pointed directly at citizens and politicians of the U.S. who, for reasons unknown to Gore and the rest of the civilized world, are either unaware or deny global warming exists except in the mind of liberal environmentalists. To this end, Gore attacks the misconceptions perpetrated by large corporations such as oil and auto companies which believe they will be the losers if limits o f CO2 emissions are legislated in the U.S. For example oil and gas company Koch Industries has given $73 million to climate denial groups. (Vidal, 2010). Recent commercials touted the benefits of CO2, how it wasn’t harmful because it was natural.

New century health clinic

New century health clinic Background Five years ago, cardiologists Timothy Jones and Dolores Garcia decided to combine their individual practices in Fullerton, California, to form the New Century Health Clinic. They wanted to concentrate on preventive medicine by helping patients maintain health and fitness and by providing traditional medical care. Dr. Jones recently asked you to work with him as an IT consultant. He wants you to help New Century develop an information system that will support the clinics operations and future growth. During an initial meeting, he provided you with some background information and asked for your suggestions about how to get started. At your desk, you begin to review New Centurys situation. The clinic is located near a new shopping mall in a busy section of the city. New Centurys staff includes four doctors, three registered nurses, four physical therapists, and six office staff workers. The clinic currently has a patient base of 3,500 patients from 275 different employers, many of which provide insurance coverage for employee wellness and health maintenance. Currently, New Century accepts 34 different insurance policies. Anita Davenport, who has been with New Century since its inception, is the office manager. She supervises the staff, including Fred Brown, Susan Gifford, Tom Capaletti, Lisa Sung, and Carla Herrera. Fred Brown handles office payroll, tax reporting, and profit distribution among the associates. Susan Gifford is responsible for the maintenance of patient records. Tom Capaletti handles most of the paperwork concerning insurance reporting and accounting. Lisa Sung has the primary responsibility for the appointment book, and her duties include making reminder calls to patients and preparing daily appointment lists. Carla Herrera primarily is concerned with ordering and organizing office and clinic supplies. Each of the six office staff people has one or more primary responsibilities; however, all members of the staff help out whenever necessary with patient records, insurance processing, and appointment processing. In addition to their regular responsibilities, all six office workers are involved in the preparation of patient statements at the end of each month. New Century Health Clinics office manager, Anita Davenport, recently asked permission to hire an additional office clerk because she feels the current staff can no longer handle the growing workload. The associates discussed Anitas request during a recent meeting. They were not surprised that the office staff was feeling overwhelmed by the constantly growing workload. Because the clinic was busier and more profitable than ever, they all agreed that New Century could afford to hire another office worker. Dr. Jones then came up with another idea. He suggested that they investigate the possibility of computerizing New Centurys office systems. Dr. Jones said that a computerized system could keep track of patients, appointments, charges, and insurance claim processing and reduce paperwork. All the associates were enthusiastic about the possibilities and voted to follow up on the suggestion. Dr. Jones agreed to direct the project. Because no member of the staff had computer experience, Dr. Jones decided to hire a consultant to study the current office systems and recommend a course of action. Several friends recommended you as a person who has considerable experience with computerized business Based on the given scenario above, what kinds of questions would you ask to assess the initial feasibility of this project information, does the project seem feasible? [25 marks] Describe what will be the plan of action if New Century Health Clinic management decided to contract your services to perform a preliminary investigation? [25 marks] What types of information is needed when you begin the preliminary investigation? From whom will you obtain it? What techniques will you use in your fact-finding? INTRODUCTION The New century health clinic is a fitness and health centre which is well-known and recognized in Fullerton, Carlifornia. The major priority of the listed clinic earlier on, is to concentrate on preventive medicine by giving helping hands to patients in maintaining and monitoring their health, keeping their fitness level and medical status balanced. But it has now become a necessity and a must look into situation concerning the work load and over stressful working conditions which the staffs have to face because, they cant run from their responsibilities. In such circumstances like this, the clinic needs to change its total official system of operation from manual administration /managerial form to computerized management form that will enhance the efficiency and services of the clinic and also save work time. In the mentioned scenario above , an IT consultant is been required to develop the new computerized information system.Whereby the given system will be easier to manipulate and also user friendly in supporting the clinics entire management scheme and functions including the future growth of the clinic. First of all in order to develop the clinics new system, the IT consultant should be able to analyse the issue or problem been faced before taking essential steps in producing a final system that meets the requirements of all end-users. Based on the given scenario above, what kinds of questions would you ask to assess the initial feasibility of this project information, does the project seem feasible? RESPONSE Feasibility study, as we all know, is simply referred to as series of test been performed to the system request/ requirements to check and determine whether it is suitable and convenient to carry on or proceed further on with the development of the given system. Therefore, to carry on with such initial feasible study, the system analyst (SA) or IT consultant needs to interview the end-user by asking important and relevant questions which will make a great impact or effect on the operational, technical and economic feasibilities to be known by urging the IT consultant to take decisions which the system project will follow the next steps to develop or improve successfully. Else, the total work will be ended. Cases like this been faced by New century clinic, this are valuable questions to be asked in order to evaluate the initial feasibility of the proposed new systems development: What are the problems being faced using the current manual system? How does the clinic manage all official works using the manual system? How will the clinic manage all official works if the new system is not implemented? Are the staffs/ end-users of new computerized system in your clinic computer literates? Dose the new computerized system contribute to all depts. And objectives of the clinic? How would the new computerized system enhance or solve problems occurring with the manual system? Does the new system have direct contribution to the clinics business objectives? By asking questions like this, the necessity of implementing or developing new system can be evaluated or measured. However, to be more broad and fluent in the total feasibility of the proposed project, more questions need to be asked concerning the operational, technical and economical feasibility. Operational feasibility: This simply means that the system will be used efficiently after the development and implementation as the user demands because if the system develops defects or become ineffective the end-users face difficulties to work with the system, that means the expected benefit will be tarnished and the new system becomes unproductive. To make sure none of such incidents occur, these are questions that need to be asked concerning its operational feasibility: Do the whole management and users of the new system support the project? Do the users notice the need for change of current manual system? Will the new system reduce workforce? Is the manual system interactive and also being practised effectively by the users? What will be the next step for affected employees if workforce reduction occurs? Technical Feasibility This simply means that the given organisation for which the system will be developed, has enough resources of hardware and software technology to develop, install and operate the new system. In order to operate such new systems adequately, the appropriate technology should be put in effect; even if it requires additional up-to-date and advanced technology. Therefore to evaluate the technical feasibility for New Century Health Clinic, these are relevant questions needed to be asked: Can the clinic manage the needed hardware, software, and network resources to implement the computerized system? Does the clinic have the necessary technical knowledge? How can the clinic acquire the technical knowledge if they do not have? Economical Feasibility This refers to the total benefit of the new system being outweighed than the total estimated cost for implementing the system. Whereby the estimated cost can either be increased or decreased any time while doing the project development and implementation. While doing all this there is something the organisation need to bear in mind; Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) including its continuous support and maintenance Costs with acquisition costs. To verify such Economical feasibility of the clinic, these are relevant questions needed to be asked: Is the benefit of the new system outweighing the estimated costs? What are the probable savings and costs for acquiring, installing and finally operating the new system? Does the current problem have any significance? Are there any intangible factors like patient satisfaction, clinic image etc.? Will the system requirements outcome be a sound business investment? Does the project seem feasible? From the question being asked above, due to relevant aspects, the initial feasibility of the project been detailed can be assessed easily and effectively. It is expected that the above questions regarding the feasibilities are well-answered that enhance to develop the new computerized system for the clinic. Therefore, from the answers to the already asked questions as well as the given information in the scenario, it is understood that the project of new system development for the New Century Health Clinic is quite feasible. Describe what will be the plan of action if New Century health Clinic management decided to contract your services to perform a preliminary investigation? RESPONSE The system requirements from the New Century Health Clinic is totally feasible. In order to continue the project some investigations have to be carried out for studying the system request and for suggesting the specific action. This is called preliminary investigation. To execute the preliminary investigation, the steps given below will be followed: but, before starting the investigation, interaction with Managers and users are prompted: in this particular phase, it needs to meet with the clinic doctors, Managers, Staffs and users to describe the detailed responsibilities, answer questions and request comments of the project. The project will bring a significant change in the clinic after development. The users, staffs and doctors might be curious, concerning the changes or they might even resist it. The primary interaction will be of a good help because the opinion, thoughts and reaction of every member/staff of the clinic is very important to know more about constraints and difficulties in the clinic. These are the main six steps to carry out during such investigation: UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM OR OPPORTUNITY: In the first approach, the business profile and business model will be developed where the business process and functions will be described. That is where the main problem or operations of the clinic may be understood. In the process carrying out this approach the new system request may not reveal the basic problems of the clinic or may be, the proposed system can affect the total clinics operation and system. To eliminate these problems, it must need to understand the systems request and its opportunity of the project at hand. Define the project scope and constraints: This is actually the defining of boundaries or extent of the project where the irrelevant expenses of time and money are been avoided and only the main problem is focused. Constraints are the conditions or requirements that the system must meet and the end results of that constrains and it must be a recorded success. Also, project scopes are described in system constrains. There are characteristics needed to be identified in the proposed system while checking for constrains such as: Internal vs. external constrains Present vs. Future Constrains Mandatory vs. Desirable Constrains etc. in order to avoid misunderstanding and future problems I would lay down a piece of advice insisting that the project scope and constrains are been identified earlier. Performing fact-finding: This is a technique used to find out necessary information from companies and organisations which comprises of various approaches and steps to carry out. We are going to implement these approaches in the clinics doctors, staffs and users for investigating the system request. In this case, the following fact-finding techniques can be used: Interviews Questionnaires and surveys Review current documentation Analyse organization chart Observe operation Estimate time and cost to continue development: The detailed time and cost estimation for the further development phase and the overall project will be developed with some important issues, so that the clinics doctor and manager can understand the total cost and time which will be effective for economic feasibility. Determine Feasibility: Following the previous four step of preliminary investigation, the total feasibility of the project been carried out will be determined in this particular stage. Present results and recommendations to management: in the final stage, a preliminary investigation report will be prepared to management which includes the assessment of the system requirements, the estimation of the total cost and benefits including the recommendation of processing to next phase named system analysis. What types of information is needed when you begin the preliminary investigation? From whom will you obtain it? What techniques will you use in your fact-finding? [20 marks] Response Before starting the preliminary investigations, there are some essential Information to be known about the clinic, its current and proposed system, etc. It can be clearly acquired from the feasibility study consisting of the three main users approaches stated as follows: Operational Feasibility Technical Feasibility Economical Feasibility Some more information like- Clinics background and overview Information about the Doctors, nurses, manager and staffs The projects priority Benefits of the new computerized system Effect of the new system in the clinic etc. Form the chart, it can be measured that the total manpower of the clinic is 17. They are: 4 doctors (with 2 founders) 3 nurses 4 physical Therapists 1 office manager 5 office staff To gain the required information for beginning the preliminary investigations, it required that you meet with these 17 manpower i.e. the clinics doctors, nurses, physical therapists, manager, and staffs of the clinic. In the meeting, by asking questions and collecting some documents, related to the required information or further investigation (if need arises), whereby the essential or wanted information can be gathered. In the preliminary investigation stage, fact-finding is a very important step. From the various fact-finding techniques, any one or more techniques can be used for fact-finding. With appropriate and suitable technique, the needed information for system request investigation can be gathered. In the case of New Century Health Clinic, I would rather say Interview is the best fact-finding technique. An Interview is a planned meeting with any person during which the required information can be obtained in-depth from that person. This is the primary method of acquiring information during preliminary investigation stage where the purpose of interview is to uncover facts of the proposed project. These are the reasons for choosing interview as a fact-finding technique for the clinic: The number of manpower of the clinic is very small (17 people only). That is why, it will not be time consuming and cost effective. It will be possible here to ask necessary and effective questions to person by person as well as listen carefully the answers. It can also be possible to achieve every persons own opinion about the current and new system proposed. It has chance to do open-ended questions as well as a set of questionnaires on a same topic to the every person, so that personal opinion(s) on the same topic also with their own idea can be verified. The reliability of the systems request can be measured appropriately from the interviewing of the people personally. It would be the most effective technique for acquiring all the required information from the personnel of the clinic. However, in this preliminary stage, to save time and cost, it should take interview of the two founder doctors, the managers and the five staffs first. Most importantly, interviews can be carried out on the remaining personnel if need arises. Conclusions: The New Century Health Clinic is suffering from problems to use the manual system for their office works. As an efficient and user-friendly replacement, the clinic management likes to use computerized system. As an IT consultant, a new computerized system for this clinic will be developed in this project by performing all the primary steps like evaluation and understanding the project, feasibility study, preliminary investigation, fact-finding etc. It is expected that the proposed new computerized system project, finally, will perform adequately and successfully for the New Century Health Clinic that will help the clinics management system to do their regular work properly with more efficiency References: [WIK08] Wikipedia (2008), Feasibility study Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feasibility_study [BLU07] Blurtit (2007), What are the basic questions for feasibility study?- The key questions for feasibility study? http://www.blurtit.com/q393090.html [McG97] Mcgraw-Hill (1997), Avison, D.E. and Shah, H.U., The Information Systems Development Life Cycle: A First Course in Information Systems, McGraw-Hill International Editions, 1997, Pages 72 and 92-99. Appendix: As the fact finding techniques for the New Century Health Clinic project, another two approaches can be used with the interviewing. These two techniques are Current documentation Review and Observe Current Operations. Review Current Documentation: It is a process where the current system documentation of the organization is reviewed to understand how the current system is working. For the clinics documentation, it can be out of date. So, at the documentation receiving time, it should check with the clinics persons that it is accurate and complete of information. Observe Current Operations: In this process, the typical working procedure of the worker can be viewed. The staffs of the clinic is currently doing the all the official work manually. In this case, their working procedure, input and output of the work, working time and effort etc should observe. These two techniques are not time consuming and cost effective. Nevertheless, by performing these two, the fact-finding stage will be more resourceful as well as it will be helpful to understand the system requests reliability.

The Demise of a Family in Gail Godwins A Sorrowful Woman Essay

The Demise of a Family in Gail Godwin's A Sorrowful Woman Gail Godwin's "A Sorrowful Woman<" leads one to believe that the wife is overwhelmed or possibly just having a bad day. The belief is that with her husband's understanding she and her family will get through this difficult time. Everyone has a bad day and people get aggravated at times. However, a shocking revelation comes to the reader that this isn't just a bad day. A deeper look into the story reveals that the wife's selfishness and pity for her life is fueling her sorrow and along with their lack of communication causes the demise of this family. In reading this story we find a woman tired of being a mother, a wife and of her life in general. "The sight of them made her so sad and sick she did not want to ever see them again" (35). Do you not see what she is thinking? They are sucking the life out of me. Why did I choose to get married? I could have been anything, instead I am the mother of this child and the wife of this man and am here to take care of their needs. Who will take care of my needs? She feels that she is some how letting herself ease away and needs to regain her identity. She soon isolates herself even more by moving into another room maybe thinking she will be able to find the part of herself she has lost. "She was a young queen, a virgin in a tower, she was the previous inhabitant, the girl with all the energies. She tried these personalities on like costumes" (38). Her husband's constant saying he understands such things only seems to enable her to isolate herself more and ignore her responsibilities as a mother. If the tending to the child is such a pleasure why hasn't he done it enough to know how to put him to bed... ... his statement, "Can we eat the turkey for super?" (39). His mother lies lifeless in her bed and his father is evidently upset. This family's lack of communication allows the situation to get out of control and in a downward spin that alone they can not handle. Problems do not just get better on their own. You must determine what they are and work out a solution to correct them. The child's skills for handling problems and working through them are not being developed. He is not learning to handle responsibilities but that it's okay to run from them. This family's actions or lack of actions and the mother's selfishness is what destroyed this family and surely scarred this child for life. Bibliography: Godwin, Gail. "A Sorrowful Woman." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 6th. ed. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2002. 35-39.

Heart of Darkness – Lies

According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, a lie is an untrue or inaccurate statement that may or may not be believed true by the speaker or it is something that misleads or deceives. In other words, a lie is an untruth. In life lies are told for many different reasons. In fiction they give a little more body to the plot. In Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Marlow dislikes lies and therefore only tells them in extraordinary circumstances. The lie show that Marlow, even though he has been touched by evil, he is still a good man himself; that he never actually tells a lie, though he lets others continue to believe what they already believe; and by doing this, it helps him justify the lies. Marlow, in the middle of his story, interrupts himself and says â€Å"You know I hate, detest, and can't bear a lie. † If reading this and only this statement alone, we can clearly see Marlow does not like lies. Marlow feels there is a â€Å"taint of death, and a flavor of mortality in lies. Lying makes him feel â€Å"miserable and sick, like biting something rotten would do. † Since he feels this way, we as the reader know that he would only tell a lie in extraordinary circumstances. The lie was told to Kurtz’s â€Å"intended† so that the beloved image of her dead fiance would not be destroyed. She has waited at least two years for her lover to return from Africa, and now he is dead. During this time she has built his image up in her mind. To her, Kurtz is a man to be admired. She feels it would be â€Å"impossible not to love him. She was proud to have been engaged to Kurtz, and would be shocked to learn of the bad things he had done in the jungle. Marlow had to decide if he should tell her the truth about Kurtz and cause her even greater sadness, or let her go on believing that he was indeed a good man. This is an extraordinary circumstance, and so one in which Marlow could tell a lie. The significance of this lie is that it would serve no purpose to tell the truth, so Marlow does not. The truth wouldn’t matter because Kurtz is dead and to tell the truth would only hurt an innocent woman who had no idea that her fiance had an evil heart. She thought that he was loved and admired by everyone who knew him, so if she would have learned of the bad things he had done, it would eternally destroy her. Marlow also showed his good side by not telling her the truth about Kurtz. This was a good ending to the novel because it means that even though Marlow has met a man with a â€Å"Heart of Darkness,† and that even after facing his own darkness, he has come out of the jungle morally unchanged, for the most part. He is still a good human being with feelings and a sense of right and wrong. If we read closely, we see that Marlow never actually told a lie. He simply allowed others to continue to believe an untruth. The â€Å"intended† thought Kurtz as a good man, and Marlow allowed her to continue to believe just that. Also the â€Å"intended† remains as unknowing of the truth as she always has, and remains a part of the foreboding darkness with which the story ends. As a gentleman, Marlow feels that women are to be protected and insulated from any unpleasantness, he states that â€Å"the women are out of touch with truth†, that they are incapable of dealing with any reality. Since he never actually told a lie, he was better able to justify them to himself. In conclusion, Marlow dislikes lies, and only tells them in extraordinary circumstances. When he does lie, it is for the sake of others, not for himself. This shows that he is a civil and kind human being. It is unfortunate that all lies are not told with such dignified purpose. The world would be a better place if they were. Though, Marlow’s quest for truth is never really fulfilled at the end of the novel because of the lie. The truth did not set him free; instead it put him further into the â€Å"darkness†.

High School Credits and Graduation Requirements

Noemi Robles English 101 Arguing a Position Rough Draft High School Credits and Graduation Requirements â€Å"In 1997, Chicago raised its graduation standards to well above what Illinois then requires, asking all students to complete all of the courses necessary for entry to competitive state universities†(1). Many people believed that this may cause many students to drop out, but in reality, the graduation rates improved. Now, we are currently facing a nationwide dilemma. Many high schools are cutting graduation requirements and taking away classes that are important to both the students and teachers.I propose that every high school nationwide should have at least seven courses to take and that every student will graduate with a minimum of twenty-six credits. The most credits a student can obtain is twenty-eight which will be applied in the system. Some schools such as a high school in Santa Ana, California have their students graduate with at least two-hundred and forty cred its essay writer reviews. In 2009, the district wanted to reduce the credits to two-hundred and twenty so more students will graduate. â€Å"By lowering them its just like saying we don't want to put our students to their full potential†(2).Although two-hundred and forty seems like a lot, a course is worth a lot of credits as well which averages out neatly. It would be easier to have every school change the number to twenty-eight and twenty-six so there isn't any confusion. The state of Texas already has this standard and in the past, the graduation requirements have changed many times. Reducing graduation credits will not make things easier for students, but it will affect their performance when they are preparing for college.This issue should be addressed to everyone so every generation can prepare for their futures and be successful. Many schools want to lower their graduation requirements so more students will finish school and so others won't have the urge to dropout. An other reason why lowering these requirements could benefit us is because it will cost less money if some courses are taken out which means fewer teachers as well. â€Å"Twenty-five percent of all students, nearly forty-percent of Black and Hispanic kids fail to graduate†(3).This could also help schools raise their attendance and raise the graduation rates. Since many believe that lowering the graduation requirements is a good thing, they don't realize how much it could actually affect the students who are taking fewer courses. The reason we have schools is to prepare us for college and to prepare for adulthood. Schools benefit us mentally, physically, and emotionally. We learn to interact with others, we learn about ourselves, and we learn different materials to help us understand the way things work and why we do them.Lowering the amount of credits needed to graduate isn't going to make us smarter or help us prepare for our futures. There are many hardworking students who wa nt to learn and taking away a few courses can affect many especially if it was a course students wanted to take. One disadvantage of lowering the graduation requirements is not being prepared for college and it could be harder to be accepted into a good college or university. â€Å"According to a recent national survey, an overwhelming eighty-one percent of high school students expect to attend college†(4).Now a high school diploma isn't enough to find a good job and live on your own. A college graduate will have a better chance of obtaining that job which will make finding a job a lot more difficult, which is the second disadvantage. Students need those extra classes that are being taken away to prepare them for college. â€Å"Because too many students are not learning the basic skills needed to succeed in college or work while they are in high school, the nation loses more than $3. 7 billion a year†(4). A higher education can help lead to a rewarding career and a hap pier life.Students attending any high school should have many opportunities to succeed therefore we shouldn't even consider taking away any courses or lowering the amount of credits needed to graduation. Another reason why we shouldn't lower the credits, is because many classes that students want to take as an elective may not be in the curriculum therefore, they won't have the opportunity to learn something they were looking forward to. Although there should be a number of required courses students should take, electives help students feel more excited to attend school and that elective could be something that they want to study in the future.Some AP courses may also be taken away if they were to lower the graduation requirements. Lastly, lowering the requirements will cause students to slack off in school because they will find it easier to graduate especially incoming freshmen who don't fully understand the importance the first year of high school, and can influence colleges and universities to decline their admission. â€Å"Another high school in Scott County in Kentucky realized that they needed to make reforms after analyzing statistics that showed that forty-five percent of their incoming freshmen were likely to fail at least one ninth-grade class†(5).Students should be inspired to achieve and if we lower their credits they won't have the opportunity to go as far as they are willing to go. Most public high schools in California get their money to pay for teachers and programs through the state. The state pays for schools through revenue, funds, and grants. The money comes directly from 21. 8% state revenue, 38. 4% state general purpose revenue, 1. 6% state lottery revenue, 9. 2% federal, 21. 4% local property taxes and fees, and 7. 6% from other local revenue.The funds that are used are unrestricted funds which can be used for any purposes and earmarked funds which can be used for specific purposes. The grants that are given to schools consist of the base grant (funding for ordinary classroom operations), special education grant (additional flexibility in the use of special education funds), opportunity to learn grant (funding for compensatory instructional services for disadvantage students), instructional improvement grant (funding for staff development and instructional services such as arts and technology programs), and charities (6).Money shouldn't be a big issue because schools can receive money in many ways. â€Å"Morton High School District 201 officials have cut the number of credits students need to graduate and lengthened class periods in what the board president calls ‘the most effective and practical way to save the district money'†(7). Even though they are lengthening the school day, the graduation requirements have dropped which means students will be taking less classes then before.Since money seems to be the biggest issue, schools should encourage students to improve their attendance and get be tter grades because the school can receive more money from that. This obstacle can be solved with just a little hard work and dedication. â€Å"Most children who attend public and private schools in the U. S. Spend between 175 to 185 days in the classroom a year and enjoy a summer break between the months of June and September. The average length of the school day is six hours. U. S.Students spend approximately 30% less time in school than students in other industrialized nations, putting them at a disadvantage as they compete in the global arena†(8). This is extremely important because we as a nation constantly want to become the best but yet the next generation is having a hard time competing in ‘the global arena' because America isn't providing longer school days and more classes for our students. High school shouldn't be as long as six hours because many students work and others are in extra-curricular activities.Students need that gap in order to complete any assig nments and to get enough sleep for the next day. Summer vacation is also a benefit to students because students can relax, be with family, and do many other activities that they wouldn't be able to do if they were attending school. We believe that schools should not be lengthened but in order to prevent students from forgetting what they learned before school ends, they should complete some summer work, especially for math. AP courses give summer work to prepare students, but the work they receive will not be as much, so students won't become stressed.Students will still be able to enjoy their long break from school but have the opportunity to learn as well. If we lowered our graduation rates, there would be less high school dropouts, less classes being failed, more high school graduates, and school districts will be able to save more money if they cut classes that they thought weren't important. If the requirements were made easier for students, they may be inspired to try more cha llenging courses as well. Although there are several key points to the opposing argument, students can still be challenged by having more courses to choose from.If the requirements are higher to graduate, they will try harder to achieve and students who enjoy participating in sports will be motivated to achieve because they have to be passing a certain amount of classes to be eligible. Overall, keeping the credits to at least twenty-six can benefit students in many ways. We should support students to try their best and to achieve their goals. Bibliography 1. Will Raising High School Graduation Requirements Cause More Students To Drop Out?. 25 March 2013. ;http://www. achieve. org/files/ImproveGradRates. pdf;. 2.Barboza, Tony. â€Å"Santa Ana seeks to ease high school graduation requirement. † Los Angeles Times. 08 Feb. 2009:1-2. 27 March 2013. ;http://articles. latimes. com/2009/feb/08/local;. 3. Downey, Maureen. 26 March 2013. ;http://blogs. ajc. com/get-schooled-blog/2010/0 6/02;. 4. Paying Double: Inadequate High Schools and Community College Remediation. 27 March 2013. ;http://www. allyed. org/files/archive;. 5. McCallumore, Kyle M. , and Ervin F. Sparapani. â€Å"The importance of the ninth grade on high school graduation rates and student success in high school. Gale Student Resources in Context. Web. 29 March 2013. 6. How California Schools Get Their Money. 29 March 2013. ;http://www. cbp. org/pdfs;. 7. Ruzich, Joseph. â€Å"Morton High Schools Cut Graduation Requirements to Save Money. † Chicago Tribune. 10 June 2010. Web. 28 March 2013. ;http://articles. chicagotribune. com/2010-06- 10/news/ct-met-0611-morton-bells-20100610_1_president-jeffry-pesek-number-of-credits;. 8. ProQuest Staff. â€Å"At Issue: School Schedule. † ProQuest LLC. 2012: n. pag. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 29 March 2013.