On the Entrapment and Incarceration of the Victorian Woman Essay

Thomas Blackburn describes the two Victorian poets, Robert Browning and Alfred, Lord Tennyson as being vast contemporaries (47). As much(prenominal) it is apt that their works should muse upon and explore similar topics and themes. Their connection is especially evident in Brownings My end Duchess and Tennysons The peeress of Shalott. The themes of entrapment and incarceration feature heavily in both of these works. Specifically, it is the entrapment and incarceration of women which pervade their respective compositions. When taking into consideration the way in which women were viewed at this juncture in history- being nothing more than beautiful objects (Gilbert and Gubar 54), it is quite easy to see how the literary representations of the nineteenth century woman would be responses to such confines. While My Last Duchess can be looked upon as an investigation of the captor, represented by the Duke The wench of Shalott can be considered an exploration into the captive, represe nted by the Lady that gives the poem its title. Both poems are an analysis into the Victorian woman as an incarcerated and entrapped sub-culture of a predominately patriarchal society. It is no surprise then that the methods of which these fictional women take to consort comes at the cost of their lives.The doomed Duchess of Robert Brownings dramatic monologue, My Last Duchess is the embodiment of the incarcerated woman taken to the eternal extreme. The setting for this poem is the Italy of the Middle Ages, a time when women had still less freedom than in the Victorian era. Women were regarded as possessions, a form of imprisonment within itself. As Johnson states the theme of marriage as bondage is consistently explored throughout Brownings early wor... ...y 16.1 (1978) 70-87.Jospeh, Gerhard. Tennysons Optics The Eagles Gaze. PMLA 92.3 (1977) 420-428.Langbaum, Robert. The Poetry of Experience The Dramatic Monologue in Modern Literary Tradition. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc ., 1957.McGhee, Richard. Marriage, Duty, & rely in Victorian Poetry and Drama. Lawrence The Regents Press of Kansas, 1980.Orr, Mrs. Sutherland. Handbook to Robert Brownings Works. 6th Edition. London George Bell and Sons, 1899.Plasa, Carl. Cracked from Side to Side Sexual Politics in The Lady of Shalott. Victorian Poetry 30.3 (1992) 247-263.Ricks, Christopher. Tennyson. London The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1972.Showalter, Elaine and English Showalter. Victorian Women and Menstruation. Victorian Studies 14.1 (1970) 83-89.Showalter, Elaine. Victorian Women and Insanity. Victorian Studies 23.2 (1980) 157-181.

Environmental Destruction in Southeast Asia due to Golf Course Developm

Environmental Destruction in south-east Asia due to Golf extend Development The sport of golf has get it on a long way since it was first played on the wind blown pasture lands of Scotland over 600 long time ago. Today, golf courses around the world are in a way their own small ecosystem, where only pieces of the natural environment are a mathematical function of these artificial landscapes. Courses are meticulously groomed for both championship and tourist play. The game is taking front stage all over the world and rude(a) courses are being constructed everyday. This may be great for the game of golf and the wealthy investor who is making millions off of these luscious green fairways, but what about the drawbacks to environmental degradation that it is causing?The main environmental effects of golf courses in Southeast Asia are similar to those all over the world, but lack organisation regulation like in the United States. These countries do not have a strict Environmental Pro tection Agency or other NGOs to grasp these issues under control. The main problems between the environment and golf course development that will be discussed in this paper include water usage and contamination, deforestation, the physical exercise of toxic chemicals and fertilizers, and the importation of non native grasses. The governments of these countries will also be examined, as to how they are dealing with these problems and how, if at all, they are helping their native people. After discussing the problems of Southeast Asias golf boom, this synthesis will go into detail about what can be done to help slow down or transcend many of these problems. The worlds golf craze and japans current obsession over the game has swept through the countries of Southeast Asia since the earliest 1990s and currently there are over 500 new courses in the region. This compares to a total of only 45 golf courses in these alike countries in the early 1970s. Currently, Malaysia has 155 course s, Indonesia has approximately 90, the Philippines have 80, and Thailand has close to 200 golf courses spread throughout their landscape.(ASIAGOLF) Along with these newly developed golf courses come all of the negative environmental impacts. In many of these countries, the government is either too corrupt, poor or they are focusing their energies on a pack of other issues. Negative environmental effects are often times low on their pri... ...ts of Golf Course Development. Clubbing Southeast Asia. 12 Apr. 2005 .Japan Golf Courses and Deforestation (JPGOLFCase). Japans Golf Courses and the Environment. 1 Nov 1997. 12 Apr. 2005 .Cassady, Jeff (Bayer Crop Science). Personal interview. 12 Apr 2005.Contact Information (336) 255-1164TED Case Study. Asia Golf and Environment. 1 Nov 1997. 12 Apr. 2005 .Fahn, pack David. A Land On Fire. Bolder Westview, 2003.(Fahn 53-59)Chris, Reuther. Towards a Greener Game. A New Environmental Awareness is Slowly Taking Hold of the U.S. Golf Industry. Au g 1999. The Academy of Natural Sciences. 14 Apr. 2005 .Sport and Environment Thailands Golf Boom. Forces Behind Thailands Golf Rush. 12 Apr. 2005 .(Sport and Environment Thailands Golf Boom)Morita, Gen . Global Antigo. The Global Anit-Golf Movement - Manifesto. 4 1993. The Global Anti-Golf Movement. 14 Apr. 2005 . tinct of golf courses social, environmental, and economic. Impact of Golf Courses. Barcelona Field Studies Centre SL. 12 Apr. 2005 .Hildebrant, Timothy . Environmentalists cry fore in China. csmonitor.com. 16 Jul 2003. the Christian Science Monitor. 12 Apr. 2005 .

Common Sense Essay example -- essays research papers

In Common Sense, by Thomas Paine writes that America cannot recon ciliate with big(p) Britain. Paine gives many examples in this document of why America cannot reconsolidates with immense Britain. One of them is thither is no advantages to being connected to Great Britain only disadvantages can come out of the connection and the second idea is British government must sooner or later end.In the first point about the connection with the British, Paine states that America can benefit much more if it was not connected to the British for many reasons. One of them is trade with other European countries will decline or even go to ruins because if Europe breaks out into a war other countries will not trade with America because of the connection with the British. Second is the fact that the British does not protect us unless its in there interest or benefit to do so. Paine states that when the British fought off Spain and France, it was to protect Great Britain&8217s interest not Americas . He states this because if America was not benefiting Great Britain with trade and money or anything else the British would not protect America. Paine&8217s third point is the fact that Britain is a monster. In this point he states that England brings monocracy to America because of the persecutions of emigrants that came to America in the first place and that Britain still pursues the descendants of the first emigrants.In Thomas ...

The Greatest Medical Breakthrough?the use of Pluripotent Stem Cells Ess

An Assessment of The Greatest Medical Breakthrough the use of Pluripotent Stem CellsA full of life review of the master and con analysis, of arguably, the most controversial issue of the 21st centurythe use of pluripotent stands cells. In addition, the ensuing synthesis and prescription based upon empirical data and critical thinking. Given the enormous promise of pluripotent topic cells to the development of new treatments for the most devastating diseases, we believe our scientific researchers and medical professionals should be permitted and encouraged to simultaneously espouse pluripotent stem cell research. Further, the ban on federal funding of research on new stem cell lines should be overturn, allowing doctors and scientists to explore their full voltage with the appropriate ethical oversight.An Assessment ofThe Greatest Medical Breakthroughthe use of Pluripotent Stem CellsThesis The greatest medical breakthrough in any livingthe use of pluripotent stems cells.Backgrou nd Stem cell research continues to be a controversial issue. Stem cells are cells that have a particular function, like tide rip stem cells whose function is to make different types of blood cells or skin stem cells whose function is to make various types of skin cells. Stem cells evolve from pluripotent stem cells, cells that makeup the inner cell mass of the embryonic blastocell. As the pluripotent stem cells specialize, they form stem cells with the specific kinds of purposes mentioned above. Stem cells are controversial because the most usable variety of stem cells comes from embryos at the blastocyst stage, meaning the cells are taken from embryos of aborted fetuses or from surplus embryos left over from In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Despite such controversy, many researchers and medical professionals argue that pluripotent embryos have the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine and improve the quality and length of life for millions of individuals (NIH, 2002, p . 1). For these reasons, the use of pluripotent stem cells potentially represent the greatest medical breakthrough of any era in history and federal funding for such research must be approved. professional person Analysis The unique ability of embryonic pluripotent stem cells shows tremendous medical prom... ...al, critical and necessary. Grigg, W. N. (2002). Embryonic stem cell research could have dangerous consequences. Medicine. Retrieved Aug 13, 2004, from contend Viewpoints Resource Center, 1-4.Discusses the nuances, implications and basis for President Bushs position on harvesting of organs and tissues. Explains President Bushs cautionary approach to stem cell research and the use of federal funding. Confirms that there is no proven, scientific advantage of using embryonic stem cells instead of pluripotent adult cells. National Institutes of health (NIH). (2002). Embryonic stem cell research is beneficial. Human Embryonic Experimentation. Retrieved Aug 13, 2004, from Opposi ng Viewpoints Resource Center, 1-6.Discusses the importance of pluripotent stem cells and how they are derived. Analyzes how pluripotent stem cells can be potentially applied. Evaluates the inherent limitations associated with adult stem cells. Explains how isolating pluripotent cells offer useful insight into cell processes, such as cancer and birth defects and will lead to the essential errors that cause debilitating illnesses.

Deep Sea Fish Adaptions Essay -- Marine Evolution Sea

The discoverer of the titanic, Dr Robert Ballard famously referred to the obscure ocean as far more alien than going to mars or the moon. The deep ocean is one of the largest virtually unexplored ecosystems on the planet it is found at a depth of 1000 fathoms 1 and is subject to adverse changes in temperature, pressure level and light penetration amongst other factors. Therefore as expected fish decrease in abundance, and species diversity. This trend is prominent as in order to hold the harsh conditions of the deep sea, fish need a number of specific adaptations. Allowing them to ultimately survive, feed, and reproduce.The deep sea is one of the most hostile environments in the world, which a living organism is subjected to. As you progress from the surface (the epipelagic zone) through with(predicate) to the abyssopelagic zone near the basin of the ocean the environmental characteristics begin to alter dramatically. Light, pressure, oxygen, temperature and food argon abiotic fa ctors that have all led to the fascinating adaptations of deep sea life. Pressure alone increases by 1 atmosphere for each 10m in depth which is an astound rate. The deep sea temperature remains between 2-4c, which is just another factor inhabitants must overcome in order to survive, along with a reduced amount of money and accessibility of essential factors like oxygen, food and light3.From the surface to its deepest depth the ocean is 11km deep, and with this distance comes a vast change in physiologic feature of fish as they try to survive the changing conditions. The bottom of the deep sea exists in darkness as little light penetrates through the surface. Therefore most inhabitants have to rely on their senses to survive. The fish require light to survive they ... ... any environment but in the deep sea the fish have had to evolve immensely just to survive.Works Cited 1 http//www.bbc.co.uk/nature/habitats/Deep_sea2 http//www.seasky.org/deep-sea/ocean-layers.html3 http//marine bio.org/Oceans/Deep4 http//www.suite101.com/content/adaptations-of-deep-sea-fish-a2300446 http//www.eoearth.org/article/Bathypelagic_zone?topic=495237 http//www.allthesea.com/Deep-Sea-Fish.html8 http//www.suite101.com/content/adaptations-of-deep-sea-fish-a230044ixzz17YRH7Amz9 Deep sea and extreme shallow water habitats affinities and adaptions by Franz Uiblein, Jorg Ott and Michael Stacowitsh 199610 http//www.marinebiology.org/fish.htm11 Adapted from http//www.mbari.org/earth/mar_tech/EITS/ob_deep/od_back.html12 http//sanctuarysimon.org/regional_sections/deepSea/overview.php

The History of the Roman Government Essay -- Ancient Rome Governmental

The History of the Ro part Government The Romans have had almost every type of government there is. Theyve had a kingdom, a republic, a dictatorship, and an empire. Their democracy would be the basis for most modern democracies. The people have always been involved with and love their government, no matter what kind it was. They loved being involved in the government, and making decisions concerning everyone. In general, the Romans were very power-hungry. This might be explained by the myth that they are descended from Romulus, whos father was Mars, the god of war. Their government attractive tendencies have caused many, many civil wars. After type of government, the change has been made with a civil war. There have also been many civil wars amid rulers. But it every(prenominal) boils down to wanting to be involved in government.When the Greeks finally entered Troy after ten long years of siege, a man named Aeneas escaped the city with his father, Anchises, and his son, Ascanius. They went to Mt. Ida, where they were to meet Aeneas wife, Creusa, but she never showed up. Saddened, Aeneas acquired a boat and sailed around the Mediterranean. He bounced around from Asia Minor to Greece to Crete looking for a place to pitch a new Troy, but he couldnt find a satisfactory place. As told by Homer in the Aeneid, Aeneas was cared for by the gods. Venus, in particular, was very maladjusted about him. She asked Jupiter, king of the gods about him, and he said thisSince you are so consumed with anxiety for Aeneas, I shall turn forward farThe hidden pages of fate and pronounce of the future. He shall conduct a great campaign for you. And conquer all Italy and its haughty peoples. He shall impose laws on his own people. And build walled cities for them the third summer Shall see him rule in Latium, the third winter Of warfare see the Rutulians an Italian tribe subdued. But his son Ascanius... It is he who shall consolidate your power-For thirty years with all their tur ning months Then shall he move his capital from Lavinium To Alba Longa, which he shall fortify To the uttermost and there a line of kings... Shall reign and reign till Ilia Rhea Silvia, a priestess Of royal blood, bear twins begotten by Mars And one of these, Romulus, fostered by a she-wolf, And joyfully wearing her tawny hide, shall rule And found a city for Mars, a new city, And call his people Romans, af... ...es are Republic, styled after the Romans. The Romans are probably the most influential people of all-time. Works CitedActium, Battle of. estimator Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Adcock, F. E. Roman Political Ideas and Practice. Ann Arbor University of Michigan, 1959.Asimov, Isaac. The Roman Republic. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1966.Burrell, Roy. The Romans. Oxford Oxford University, 1991.Caesar. ready reckoner Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Caesar, Gaius Julius. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Gibson, Elke. Personal Interview. 19 March 19 97.Nardo, Don. The Roman Republic. San Diego Lucent, 1994.The Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine. CIS Research and Education (16 March 1997).Republic. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Rise of Rome (753-44 BC). Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Rome, Ancient - the Empire. CIS http//isdup/menu/133.html Research and Education, Academic American Encyclopedia Groliers (16 March 1997) .Rome, History of. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Sabines. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.

The History of the Roman Government Essay -- Ancient Rome Governmental

The History of the Roman Government The Romans have had almost e very type of brass there is. Theyve had a kingdom, a republic, a dictatorship, and an empire. Their democracy would be the basis for most modern democracies. The people have always been involved with and loved their government, no matter what course it was. They loved being involved in the government, and making decisions concerning everyone. In general, the Romans were very power-hungry. This might be explained by the myth that they are descended from Romulus, whos father was Mars, the god of war. Their government loving tendencies have caused many, many courteous wars. After type of government, the change has been made with a civil war. There have also been many civil wars between rulers. But it all boils down to wanting to be involved in government.When the Greeks finally entered Troy after ten long historic period of siege, a man named Aeneas escaped the city with his father, Anchises, and his son, Ascanius. They went to Mt. Ida, where they were to meet Aeneas wife, Creusa, but she never showed up. Saddened, Aeneas acquired a boat and sailed around the Mediterranean. He bounced around from Asia Minor to Greece to Crete looking for a billet to base a new Troy, but he couldnt find a satisfactory place. As told by Homer in the Aeneid, Aeneas was cared for by the gods. Venus, in particular, was very worried about him. She asked Jupiter, king of the gods about him, and he said thisSince you are so consumed with anxiety for Aeneas, I shall turn forward farThe hidden pages of extremity and speak of the future. He shall conduct a great campaign for you. And conquer all Italy and its haughty peoples. He shall impose laws on his own people. And build walled cities for them the tercet summer Shall see him rule in Latium, the third winter Of warfare see the Rutulians an Italian tribe subdued. But his son Ascanius... It is he who shall consolidate your power-For thirty years with all their turning m onths Then shall he move his capital from Lavinium To Alba Longa, which he shall fortify To the uttermost and there a line of kings... Shall reign and reign coin bank Ilia Rhea Silvia, a priestess Of royal blood, bear twins begotten by Mars And one of these, Romulus, fostered by a she-wolf, And joyfully wearing her tawny hide, shall rule And found a city for Mars, a new city, And call his people Romans, af... ...es are Republic, styled after the Romans. The Romans are probably the most influential people of all-time. Works CitedActium, affair of. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Adcock, F. E. Roman Political Ideas and Practice. Ann Arbor University of Michigan, 1959.Asimov, Isaac. The Roman Republic. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1966.Burrell, Roy. The Romans. Oxford Oxford University, 1991.Caesar. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Caesar, Gaius Julius. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Gibson, Elke. Personal Interview. 19 inch 1997.Nardo , Don. The Roman Republic. San Diego Lucent, 1994.The Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine. CIS Research and Education (16 March 1997).Republic. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Rise of Rome (753-44 BC). Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Rome, Ancient - the Empire. CIS http//isdup/menu/133.html Research and Education, Academic American Encyclopedia Groliers (16 March 1997) .Rome, History of. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.Sabines. Computer Software. Encarta Encyclopedia, 1996 ed.

Business Skills for Ecommerce Essay

Introduction This assignment will enable you to feed the business skills needed to target an eCommerce solution for a music production community. You will need to consider the boldness and processes of the company and consider what the impact of the meshing and e-Commerce has been on the company. Answers to the delegates will edge 1 An understanding of the social organisation and aims of business organisations. 2 An understanding of the impact of e-Commerce 3 An ability to design e-Commerce solutionsTask You have been provided with a description of a music production company which is considering providing a service where customers can download MP3 versions of the music they produce from their own web site. You will need to consider the set up of this proposal on the organisation and processes of the company. You will need to investigate the impact of the Internet on the music industry. Scenario Drums pit is a small independent company which is owned by two partners and has been in existence for more than twenty years. It is based in a specialist music shop in Birmingham in the centre of England. As this is the home of many famous rock bands such as Black Sabbath, they naturally focus on this style of music and, in particular, drum kits. In addition to selling drum kits and other music related items the company specialises in producing music by rock artistes which it releases in CD and Vinyl format.The CD/Vinyl format is sold direct via a phone line, through retailers via music distributors and at concerts. Drums Rock hires the arrangement studio and when the recording is produced they have the Vinyl and CDs produced by outside organisations. The invoicing and payment relating to customers and suppliers is basically a manual process supported by records held on a PC. The reason why Drums Rock has not released music via MP3 format before is that there is a resistance from rock listeners to the format. Rock listeners are very concerned about the fibre of the recording and the MP3 format provides a lower quality format than Vinyl and CD. However, Drums Rock considers that the ease of using the MP3 format on many different devices could overbalance the quality deficiencies.Task 1 Understand the structure and aims of Business Organisations. Provide an assessment for the owners of Drums Rock of the potential impact on the organisations aims, structure, be givens and stakeholders of implementing an Internet based facility for the sale of music in an MP3 format. The assessment should consider what it means for the potential markets, effects on current distribution channels, the structure and organisation of the organisation. This task will cease you to demonstrate the following Learning termination 1.Task 2 Understand the Impact of e-Commerce.Provide an assessment of the impact, the risks and financial implications of introducing an eCommerce function into Drums Rock. The assessment should consider the impact on the organization, the spheric impact of e-Commerce, the potential risks involved in e-Commerce and the mathematical financial factors such as costs/benefits. This task will allow you to demonstrate the followingLearning Outcome 2.Task 3 Be able to define the objectives of e-Commerce solutions. Provide a statement for the owners of Drums Rock that describes the following for the proposal for an e-Commerce solution Objectives Market Research Target markets Market potentialThis task will allow you to demonstrate the following Learning Outcome 3.1.Task 4 soma of an e-Commerce solutionProduce a high level design document for the proposed Drums Rock e-Commerce solution which covers the following areas Technology requirements e.g. hardware, software, security, maintenance, linchpin end systems, supply sources, distribution channels. Payment systems e.g. electronic cheque, Paypal, NoChex, credit or debit cards. Security e.g. prevention of hacking, vir employments, identity theft, firewall, impact on s ite performance, unsex Socket Layer(SSL), secure HTTP (HHTPS), digital certificates, strong passwords, alternative authentication methods. Legislation e.g. Data Protection Act 1998, Computer Misuse Act 1990, Consumer Credit Act 1974, barter Standards, Freedom of Information Act 2000, copyright legislation. Consideration of other music download sites that exist.The design document should conclude with an evaluation of your proposed design. This task will allow you to demonstrate the following Learning Outcomes 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5.Student Guidelines 1. You should write this assignment in report style, although a formal report structure will not be required. The report should contain the assessments and design document that the Tasks ask for. You should write each task of this assignment as detailed above, in coherent and appropriate English. 2. You should use diagrams and tables of figures where appropriate ensuring that you provide a reference to their source. 3. You should incl ude references using the Harvard referencing system. 4. It is advised that you write your report within approximately 3500/4000 words in order for your investigate and summarising skills to be highly-developed, and for effective time management. However, you are required to ensure that the assignments meets all of the learning outcomes and there is no penalty for being over the suggested word count. lush word counts may be asked to be reduced before markingGrading Criteria Business Skills for E CommerceTo achieve a PASS cross the evidence must show that the learner is able to meet all of the learning outcomes P1 (LO 1) Understand the structure and aims of business organisations. 1.1. Summarise the key aims of the organisation. 1.2. Describe the structure of Drums Rock and the music industry P2 (LO 2) Understand the impact of e-Commerce 2.1. Explain the impact on consumers of the development of e-Commerce 2.2. Explain the impact on businesses of the development of e-Commerce 2.3 . Explain the global impact of e-Commerce P3 (LO 3) Be able to design e-Commerce solutions 3.1. Explain the usance of objectives and market analysis in the development of e-Commerce 3.2. Evaluate the e-Commerce systems used by the music download industry 3.3. Discuss the financial implications of Drums Rocks proposed e-Commerce solution 3.4. Produce a high level design of an e-Commerce solution that covers technology, payment systems, security and the role of legislation.3.5. Produce an evaluation of the above design The assignment adequately covers the descriptive areas of the brief but little attempt has been made to analyse or label the information presented. There is little discussion of what has been found through research with limited application of research to practice. Presentation of the material is acceptable but may display weaknesses in the way in which it is communicated. To achieve a MERIT make the evidence must show that the learner is able to M1- Identify and appl y strategies to find appropriate solutions 1.1. How implementing e-Commerce will affect Drums Rocks aims and organisation 1.2. Demonstrates an understanding of how the structure of the music industry is changing due to the Internet M2 get hold of design and apply appropriate methods/techniques2.1. A range of credible sources of information have been used in the explanation of trends and developments in e-Commerce 2.2. A Structured Design Approach has been taken to the design of the e-Commerce solution and the design approach has been evaluated. 2.3. Research has been carefully selected and summarized. M3 Present and Communicate Findings 3.1. The report is clear, concise and logical and describes the role of e-Commerce and its possible role in the music download industry. 3.2. Information sources are clearly identified through the use of appropriate referencing To achieve a DISTINCTION GRADE the evidence must show that the learner is able to D1 Use critical reflection to evaluate your own work & justify valid conclusions 1.1. Conclusions have been developed on the effects of current and recent trends and development of e-Commerce and the music download industry1.2. There is a synthesis to the work in that it flows well passim leading to valid, thought-out conclusions that demonstrate an integrated solution of aims, processes and technology for Drums Rock. D2 take responsibility for managing and organising activities. 2.1. Independent research, outside of what has been provided in the course materials, has been utilised to prepare a extreme report for Drums Rock. 2.2. Assignment is completed fully to deadline D3 demonstrate convergent, lateral & creative thinking. 3.1. Ideas are evaluated for their validity and realism in the context of the Drums Rock. 3.2. An attempt has been made at an evaluation of the recommended approach to strategic and tactical decision making in implementing e-Commerce in the music download industry.

The destructive results of Insomnia

Insomnia is unmatchable of widely-spread cessation disorders which as a result of worries, fears, anxiety and bad brain patterns function set about a person unable to maintain his/her sleep. The people suffering from insomnia become irritable the next day and often worry about the coming nighttime when they will have to fight for sleep.As a result during the day people may meet unexpected desire to fall asleep what completely ruins the telephone circuit of the day and leads to stress and depression. A person with Insomnia may also suffer from different sleep disorder such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome.The poisonous results of Insomnia make us to think of it as a serous mental disease, however it is only a symptom caused by medications, psychological condition, inappropriate sleeping habits or by other stressful events. Among the medications that may greatly contribute to the progression of Insomnia are caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, antidepressants, amph etamines, diuretics, appetite suppressants and different drug products including cocaine and marijuana.The extent to which a person can be imposed to Insomnia has two levels of difficulty. The autochthonic Insomnia defines a person who is having sleep problems are non directly connected with any other health states or problems. Secondary Insomnia means that a persons inconveniences with sleep are associated with inherent health conditions such as depression, cancer, heartburn, asthma or others. Because of their pain and medications they are taking they start to have other health problems which are connected by the chain of successive conditions.Sleep disorder in its primary level can be easily treated if a person take make a habit from the honoring activities Regularity of sleep times Comfortable conditions for sleep (bed, temperature and lightening) Prevention from accepting the stimulants (e.g. coffee or cigarettes) Practice of relaxation methods Avoidance from taking naps dur ing the day.Medicines interference into Insomnia treatment is not required as it can be treated with setting new sleeping habits. However for short- terminal Insomnia one can use over-the-counter sleeping drugs. It is important not to use them regularly as there may appear dependence upon them and create the situation of good sleep impossibility unless the drug is used.Treatment for long term Insomnia requires more complex procedure. First it is needed to conduct a first treating of any underlying conditions or health problems that are determined to cause Insomnia. If Insomnia progresses one can chose either to go through the behavioral therapy or start to accept medications. The first method helps people to replace their ways of living and focussing on achieving of specific goals while gaining more control over their lives.Professionals in the field of advancement of Behavior Therapy identify some common goals of behavior therapy. The Insomnia persons should follow this goal which requires for them to use only one bedroom for sleep (Acting), try to understand how his/her stresses influence the sleep (Feeling), to realize that at least 7 hours of sleep is a must for everyone (Thinking), to integrate diet and exercise to encourage the sleep (Dealing), and to train himself/herself in self-management skills (Coping). Medical therapy by contrast with Behavioral therapy has side make and must be used with caution.Bibliography1. Fogel J (2003). Behavioral treatments for insomnia in primary care settings. Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing eJournal, 3(4).2. Morgan K (2003). Daytime occupation and risk factors for late-life insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(3) 231238.3. Insomnia Help / Behavioral Treatments for Insomniahttp//www.helpguide.org/aging/insomnia_treatment.htm

New France

New France was a new world far from inhabitation. Today Canada may be a hotspot for immigration, but back in the 17th century it was far from being an ideal primer coat to start a new life. Despite various forms of persuasion and tactics, France had an incredibly difficult season colonizing Canada for many decades primarily due to the idea of emigration and the reluctance revolving around it. The act of leaving ones country to settle in a new or foreign one can be quite daunting. The consideration of many points, both good and bad, would need to be taken into sum up before doing so.Factoring the length of time it takes to travel to a destination by ship, and the various misfortunes entailed with such a trip, one could say that the voyage itself could hurl been a deterrent to migration (Moogk 468). Apart from the physical journey, to dislodge people from home and familiar surroundings (Moogk 470), would be enough reason to cause individuals or families to be reluctant to colonize New France. But blush with these hardships involved with emigration, the benefits of moving can be quite appealing.At the time of recruitment, parts of France were facing prominent hardship in the forms of hunger and unemployment (Moogk 470). It is no wonder that it was during these times that there were peaks in recruiting engages (indentured workers) for colony work. People were given a means of escape to a new land, and from there start anew. Offerings of free land and settlement bounties (Moogk 475), were offered to those willing to become colonists. Some disadvantages of emigration proved to be significant barriers to settlement. With all that said, the decisiveness of emigration is a life changing one even to this day.As mentioned earlier, various barriers hindered the settlement process considerably. The most apparent barrier preventing settlement was to meeting people to go in the first place. People who understood the harshness of leaving home for unknown lands, thought twice about making choices regarding recruitment. The Iroquois flagellum of murderous incursions that had alarmed colonists (Moogk 487), death can be a tolerant deterrent. If getting people to go to Canada was not a big enough print in the first place, preventing workers from returning home proved to be an even reater feat. Familial issues played a key role in whether or not an engages returned to France or not. The fact that some workers solely left for the sake of work, while family remained back at home, hints towards the hope of return. The indentured workers of France typically went to serve for three across-the-board years in order to learn all the skills needed for survival in Canada (Moogk 479). Usually this meant that when their service time was completed, they would want to return home to family and did not consider staying in New France to colonize it.A tactic used to keep workers away from returning home and keep them on the new land was bringing out entire families (Moogk 476), so as to fix them in place and remove their reluctance to stay. This is not to say that the workers wanting to return home are always the cause for abandonment. There are cases, in which family from back home would remind workers of their duty and material interests demanding their return home (Moogk 484). So even when the worker left with the intention of becoming a colonist, their family ties would creep up on them and relieve them of their colonial dreams.Home sickness could be a big enough reason to want to go home, regardless if a person had fri intercept or family waiting for them. As a response to the excess subroutine of bachelor workers who went to New France to work unwillingly, with the opening night of leaving once done, the filles du roi emigrated over in hopes of finding marriage and, perhaps, a more honorable match than was likely at home (Moogk 482), this reason of starting a family and new life could counteract homesickness.Unfortunately, there was not always an abundance of strong hard workers, and the possibility of persons unsuited for work because of their advanced age, infirmities, illnesses or they were just very weak, of low age, and of little service (Moogk 480), being recruited would only handicap the progression of settlement. In the end it seems the biggest issue that prevented settlement was the people of France wanting to settle in new lands or not.

Haitian Vodou Essay

Vodou, A Haitian devotion deeply rooted in colonialism stems from several African sources, which have constructed and maintained a hybrid Africana and europiuman diaspora in the Caribbean. In an effort to preserve African customs duty and spiritual thought, knuckle downs in Haiti prior to the Haitian Revolution of 1791, established and developed the heterogeneous religion known as Vodou. As Vodou became a more prominent panorama of hard worker ending in Haiti the hybridization between traditional Africana religion and European religion fashioned a new system of belief.The fusion of Catholicism from Europe and African religions make up one of the most influential religions in Haiti today, in fact Vodou plays an imperative role in Haitian life. In summing up to having a tremendous effect on Haitian religious practices, Vodou also plays a fundamentally important role in driving Haitian politics, economics, community, and mixer relations. From a student and non-Haitian perspec tive I seek to obtain knowledge on how Vodou has and continues to play a detrimental role in every aspect of Haitian life.Through analyzing and cross-examination of several texts it appears that without boundaries Vodou is important. Before delving into how Vodou effects nearly every aspect of Haitian crazeure I would like to first analyze the grandness of saying the roots and origin of a belief and practice that has suffer such a prominent aspect of Haitian life. In the eighteenth cytosine the slave trade in Haiti ushered in a number of African slaves from various groups. These groups of African plurality brought with them to Haiti their traditions, beliefs, and lifestyles.In Haitian Vodou of Creole Religions of the Caribbean, the authors state that the slave trade was in fact the European way of destroying all cultural connections to the homelands of the slaves (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 101). European slave owners and slave traders thought it necessary to force European ideals and beliefs onto their slaves, ridding and destruct the beliefs and tradition of their native land. In this respect the slave trade played a significant role in the creation of Vodou, catalyzing Afro-European syncretism into a new belief system.Vodou began as a way for slaves to hold on to their cultural beliefs, and helped refute the impositions of Catholic religion that the French attempted to employ, as they saw it necessary to particularize African slaves to their lifestyle (102). In my opinion Afro-European syncretism is one of the more complex and intriguing religious developments as it pertains to Vodou. In Voodoo Africas Secret magnate author Gert Chesi describes the fusion of African and European culture stating that slaves brought with them the gods of Africa to the Caribbean where they then blended with the Saints and other Catholic and Christian symbols (Chesi 231).The imposition of Catholic and Christian beliefs by Europeans onto African slaves do it nearly impossible for African slaves to remain entirely devoted to their home land beliefs and traditions. African slaves in Haiti adopted Vodou as a mean of maintaining their traditional beliefs, however, Christian and Catholic ideals were still important influential factors in the establishment of Vodou. The spirits often associated with Vodou known, as Lwa be similar to Saints in the Catholic Church.Slaves in Haiti dealt with the pressures of forcibly having to adapt to European religion by integrating their belief system with that of the European belief system. I think that Slaves in Haiti use Vodou as a stabilizing factor in Haitian culture. The ritual and practice that developed through the integration of European tradition with African tradition ensures that African tradition entrust remain considerably important regardless of the fact that Europeans once tried to dismantle African tradition and impose horse opera tradition on those slaves living in Haiti. Vodou serves a s a mechanism for passing on tradition from generation to generation.In Voodoo Truth and trance the author states that Vodou has emerged as a vibrant cultural force in twenty-first century Haiti (Hurbon 126). This statement supports the idea that Vodou has and continues to have a role in Haitian life and Haitian culture. Vodou has undoubtedly helped restore an almost lost identity to African slaves in Haiti, and has allowed generation after generation to know and understand the beliefs of the homeland from which their ancestors originated. The foundation of numerous Haitian affairs may non be solely rooted in Vodou, however, the religion holds weight in some governmental spheres throughout Haiti.Starting from the moment of its development, Vodou has been politically important to Haiti. In fact, its very creation resulted from various political, cultural, and religious struggles for freedom (33). After analyzing the roots of Vodou it has become quite apparent that Vodou played a n important role during Haitis revolutionary stoppage. During and before the Haitain revolution Vodou was used as a means of protecting and politicizing the enkindle of Haitian slaves. From that time forward Haitian pot have continued to use Vodou as a political tool to protect their interests and assets.Vodou has indeed been subjected to persecution at the grants of both Church and state leaving many non-believers and outsiders to attri thate negative connotations to Vodou as a whole (117). In 1835 Vodou began to publically suffer from political ostracizing under president Jean-Pierre Boyer who passed a penal code that called for the imprisonment of six months to two years for followers of Vodou practicing superstitious act (118). It seems to me that the reason behind the eject on Vodou practices not only stemmed from political issues occurring at the time, alone also from past political experiences in Haiti.Hurbon does not mention Boyers cogitate behind implementing a penal code, therefore allowing one to speculate whether or not Boyer, although Haitian had ties to France. The reason I bring this point to light is because for one, Jean-Pierre Boyer sounds comparatively French and secondly Boyer implemented a code that put restrictions on a religion that has roots deep within African culture. In accompaniment to dealing with the idea of possible imprisonment, if caught practicing Vodou, Haitians also faced the possibility of abandoning and giving up the African culture and belief that was associated with Vodou.In response to government restrictions slightly Haitians created secret societies in erect to keep the bonds of Vodou ritual and ties to kinship in motion. In 1957 President Francois Duvalier also known as Papa Doc started a political rehabilitation for Vodou (118). Duvaliers involvement in Vodou was for the soul purpose of engaging the Lwa through ceremonies in order to gain the Lwas good will and also to spark enthusiasm in those who practic e Vodou. Papa Docs presidency marked a period characterized by dark magic and sorcery.This period in Haitian history displays the negative aspects often associated with Vodou. In my opinion President Francois Duvaliers understanding of Vodou curtails from misinterpretation and misuse. Duvalier did not seem to grasp the cogitate behind certain Vodou rituals and ceremonies, using them only as a way to advance himself politically. During Duvaliers reign Haiti saw tremendous political change resulting from the misunderstanding or misuse of Vodou. On one hand Jean-Pierre Boyer refused to allow any one in Haiti practice Vodou because of the negative connotations surrounding the religion.On the other hand Francois Duvalier used Vodou to bolster his political appeal, which dismantled the meaning and reasoning behind the ceremonies and rituals performed by those who practiced and truly understood and appreciated the meaning that those Vodou acts carry. In Creole Religions of the Caribbean , the authors mention that within Vodou practices the chief communicators that draw konesans or connaissance/knowledge are the Oungand and the Manbo (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 107). The Oungand and the Manbo are believed to receive knowledge passed down from the Lwa.The Oungand and the Manbo act as political leaders and have rural political power within their own community because the ability to communicate with the Lwa is looked up to. In Michel Laguerres book Voodoo and governance the author states that Francois Duvalier used the political power of the Oungand and the Manbo to establish legitimacy among those who practiced Vodou (Laguerre 87). Today Vodou can be represented in popular culture as dark, sadistic, and involving many acts of superstition, denying it a position central to Haitian culture.However, despite the misconceptions surrounding Vodou today many religious works are carried out by Haitian elites. This goes to show yet another transformation in Haitia n politics, and Vodous role in shaping a new system of life. From my examination of the texts that show Vodous relationship to Haitian politics I have concluded that Vodou does in fact affect politics in Haitian communities and Haiti as a whole. The relationship between Vodou and Haitian economics is a long-standing phenomenon that has existed prior to the Haitian revolution in 1791 and continues to exist today.The slave trades influence on the creation of Vodou colligate the existence of the religion and also the economics involved between masters and sellers of slaves. During this time the Haitian economy was being stimulated by the slave trade. As the slaves grew weary, a number of rebellions occurred and Vodou greatly affected the grove economy that the Haitian people originally were forced into. According to Omos and Gerbert, the economy in Haiti shifted from one of plantation to that of a rural economy of subsistent farmers working their own lands (Fernandez-Olmos and Parav isini-Gerbert 103).Vodou practices and rituals play an important role in shaping and maintaing Haitian economics. The initiation and sacrificial rituals performed by many Vodou sects involve a great amount of financial sacrifice (Fernandez-Olmos and Paravisini-Gerbert 117). From my examination of several texts, including that of Olmos and Gerbet I have concluded that preparation for the many Vodou festivals, initiations, and temple gatherings are intensive and call for many financial sacrifices from those who may already be financially unstable. Animal sacrifice plays an important role in the finances of Haitian people.In Voodoo Africas Secret Power the author, Gert Chesi, included various photographs of Haitian Vodou sacrifices and rituals. Many of the photographs throughout Chesis book showed the sacrificing of cattle, sheep, and chicken. The cross-examination of various texts did not offer me with much information on the Haitian economy as it related to Vodou, however, I was abl e to infer that the economic sacrifices made by Haitian people were performed in order to obtain personal advancements or for the betterment of the community as a whole.Some sacrifices were performed to win the protection and trust of the Lwa spirits, and some sacrifices were performed in hopes that the Lwa would shed some rain to strengthen planation production. I think that the Haitian economy and the Vodou religion are dependent on each other. The dependency I see in the relationship stems from the fact that without an economy like the one in Haiti, Vodou would not be as prominent or even substantive to the Haitian people. The economy as it is creates a buffer for Vodou as a religion.The economy allows for Haitians to use their beliefs and connections with the spirits to envoke hope, or optimism that the plantation life in Haiti will somehow flourish. This claim can be supported through the existence of rituals performed for protection, knowledge, and even rainfall. In Hurbons, Olmos and Geberts, Chesis, Laguerre and Michels and Smiths descriptions of Vodou in Haitian culture one thing is for certain, Vodou has and continues to influence communities through and through. In Chesis pictorial account of Vodou in Haiti one can see pictures of various ways that the religion is linked to community.In one picture, Chesi captured a ritual being performed near a beach where one individual was having a ritual performed on him (ritual not clear from picture) while dozens of his Vodou community member looked on and supported him. What puzzles me the most is how instinctual and ritualized Vodou actually is. Chesis pictures show dozens and dozens of Haitian people flocking to support another Vodou practice, but for what reason? Why do these members feel so indebted to one another?From my observation the answer to this question comes from the wide-eyed fact that Vodou needs a sense of community mong its members to remain relevant. It was from the simple yearning to keep tradition relevant that Vodou stemmed, so it appears to me that the idea of community or family has been long standing, even deep within Vodous African roots. Hurbons choice of legers within Voodoo Truth and Fantasy sheds lite on the communal aspect of Vodou a little differently. Like Chesi, Hurbon acknowledges the importance of community, even stating that Vodou bring families together in large gatherings, a rattling way of ensuring that religious traditions will endure (Hurbon 14).In Hurbons text it appears that the family and passing of tradition from generation to generation is in fact important to the selection of Vodou. In my examination of Hurbons text it seemed as though Hurbon was promoting a balance of kinship and communal ties. Hurbon states that it is important to have family agreement in order to have a positive communal bond. One aspect of Hurbons text was that Vodou was often referred to as a cult dedicated to spirits. Hurbon did not let the wording of her descri ption interfere with the way information was conveyed, however, I found it quiet bias that she would call Vodou a cult.Personally I associate the word cult with negative connotations. It is unclear whether Hurbon planned on conveying Vodou in a negative light, but one thing is for certain a cult describes a group of people or the communal bond that Vodou encourages. In Michels and Smiths book, Voodou in Haitian Life and Culture nonvisual Powers, The authors proceed to explain how the magical or superstitious aspect of Vodou conveys a sense of community among its supporters. The authors show that not only is Vodou practice a family effort, but a community effort as well.Smith and Michel both depict a type of Vodou were literally everyone in a community is involved. From small children to the first members of a community, all play an important role in carrying on and performing the tradition of Vodou culture. The elaborate rituals and preparation described by the authors is only mad e possible through communal efforts. From my understanding of the community in Vodou culture, it appears that only through community and unity can tradition be kept alive. scorn any negative connotations Vodou may have, each author showed how important Vodou is in respects to several aspects of Haitian culture. Vodou is not only a religious matter, but also a political, economic, and social one as well. On May 14, 2013 guest lecturer Carnie Fabious stated, Vodou is a way of life. This statement alone sums up what Vodou was, and what Vodou continues to be in regards to Haitian culture. Fabious words show the importance that Vodou plays in all aspects of Haitian life, and demonstrates how relative the religion is to such a vast group of people.